Zusammenfassung
In der Versorgung von Tibiakopffrakturen stellt die anatomische Reposition der Gelenkfläche eines der Hauptkriterien für ein gutes funktionelles Ergebnis dar. Insbesondere komplexe Frakturentitäten weisen jedoch eine hohe Rate postoperativer Malrepositionen mit verbleibenden Gelenkstufen auf, die ein beachtliches Arthroserisiko mit sich bringen. Diese Erkenntnis ist gleichzeitig die Limitation häufig genutzter, offen-chirurgischer Zugangswege (z. B. anterolateraler Zugang). Über diesen sind die posterolateralen Aspekte der Gelenkfläche nicht einsehbar. Neben der Erweiterung offen-chirurgischer Zugangswege stellt die arthroskopische Visualisierung ein probates Mittel zur Verbesserung der Frakturexposition und zur direkten Kontrolle des Repositionsergebnisses dar. Während die Frakturoskopie der Repositionskontrolle bei der offenen Versorgung komplexer Frakturen dient, können weniger komplexe Frakturentitäten, wie Impressionsfrakturen der posterioren Segmente, überwiegend arthroskopisch versorgt werden. Eine Sonderrolle spielt hier die sog. Apple-Bite-Fraktur, als Begleitverletzung bei der vorderen Kreuzbandruptur. Knöcherne Ausrisse der Kreuzbänder lassen sich darüber hinaus zuverlässig durch rein arthroskopische Operationstechniken adressieren.
Abstract
In the treatment of tibial plateau fractures, anatomic reduction of the tibial joint surface is one of the key aspects for a good functional outcome. Particularly, complex fracture patterns show a high rate of postoperative malreduction with residual intra-articular step, often located in the posterior aspects of the tibial plateau. They are associated with a limited functional outcome and a substantial risk for early posteropative osteoarthritis. However common surgical approaches, such as the anterolateral approach, do not allow for sufficient visualization of the involved segments of the tibial plateau. Therefore, extended surgical approaches have been proposed in order to improve visualization. For certain indications, however, arthroscopic visualization represents a viable alternative for improvement of fracture exposure and direct control of fracture reduction. In the treatment of complex fracture patterns “fracturoscopy” can be used to verify anatomic fracture reduction, whereas in less complex fracture patterns, such as impression fractures of the posterior segments, both reduction and fixation can be predominantly performed arthroscopically. Amongst these fractures, the so-called apple bite fracture, which occurs in association with anterior cruciate ligament tears, presents a special condition. Bony avulsion of the cruciate ligaments can furthermore be reliably addressed with all-arthroscopic surgical techniques.
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J. Frings, M.T. Berninger, M. Krause und K.‑H. Frosch geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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P. Lobenhoffer, Hannover
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Frings, J., Berninger, M.T., Krause, M. et al. Versorgung von Tibiakopffrakturen – arthroskopisch unterstützt. Arthroskopie 36, 103–109 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-023-00590-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-023-00590-6