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Aspekte der Verwendung von homologem Knochen bei Korrekturosteotomien

Aspects of the use of homologous bone for corrective osteotomy

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Insbesondere die sog. Open-wedge-Osteotomien, wie die medial aufklappende Tibiakopfosteotomie, bergen ein gewisses Potenzial zur verzögerten oder ausbleibenden Heilung und einen postinterventionellen Korrekturverlust. Der Einsatz von Knochenersatzmaterialien ist grundsätzlich geeignet, die Komplikationsrate des Verfahrens signifikant zu senken. Die Transplantation von Beckenkammknochen stellt hinsichtlich ihres biologischen Potenzials nach wie vor den Goldstandard in der Versorgung von knöchernen Defektsituationen dar. Die Entnahmemorbidität und verlängerte Operationsdauer begründen den Wunsch nach flexiblen und einfach verfügbaren Knochenersatzmaterialien. Folglich sind viele biologische und synthetische Produkte zur Unterstützung der Knochenheilung erhältlich, welche jeweils spezifische Vor- und Nachteile aufweisen. Es existieren verschiedenen Risikofaktoren, welche den Einsatz von Knochenersatzmaterialien nahelegen. Die Verwendung von homologem Knochenersatzmaterial ist nachweislich in der Lage, die spezifischen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Osteokonduktivität, mechanischer Belastbarkeit und Transplantatsicherheit zuverlässig zu erfüllen, sodass der Einsatz knöcherner Allografts, neben dem autologen Knochenersatz, bei gegebener Indikation in Erwägung zu ziehen ist.

Abstract

The renaissance of open wedge osteotomy, such as medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, is accompanied by a relevant potential for delayed bone healing, non-union and postoperative loss of correction. The use of bone substitute materials is principally suitable to reduce the complication rate of osteotomy. The transplantation of autologous bone from the iliac crest remains the gold standard for treating osseous defects. The donor site morbidity and prolonged operative time are drawbacks of this technique and substantiate the wish for more flexible off the shelf bone replacement materials. Consequently, many different biological and synthetic products each with specific advantages and disadvantages are now available. Different risk factors exist which suggest the implementation of bone substitute materials. The potential to fulfill the requirements has been scientifically proven for homologous bone with respect to its osteoconductivity, mechanical properties and transplant safety. As a consequence, the use of bone allografts should be considered complementary to autologous grafts in cases where the indications for a bone substitute are confirmed.

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Correspondence to Bernhard Waibl.

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Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Waibl, B. Aspekte der Verwendung von homologem Knochen bei Korrekturosteotomien. Arthroskopie 32, 428–432 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-019-00313-w

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