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Arthroskopische subakromiale Dekompression in Kombination mit Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktionen

Vor- und Nachteile

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression in combination with rotator cuff tear repair

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Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die arthroskopische subakromiale Dekompression (ASAD) ist eine der am häufigsten durchgeführten Schulteroperationen. Die Indikation für eine ASAD besteht beim primär-extrinsischen Schulterimpingement mit knöcherner Einengung des subakromialen Raums und daraus entstehenden Beschwerden. Besondere Bedeutung hat dabei der Erhalt des korakoakromialen Ligaments, das nach anterosuperior den korakoakromialen Bogen als Widerlager gegen eine Dezentrierung des Humeruskopfes bildet. Eine Resektion dieser Struktur bewirkt eine zunehmende anterosuperiore Instabilität mit konsekutiver Dezentrierung des Humeruskopfes, die durch die Rotatorenmanschette (RM) kompensiert werden muss. Beim Vorliegen einer RM-Ruptur wird die routinemäßige Durchführung der ASAD kontrovers diskutiert. So zeigen randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien keine signifikanten Vorteile einer zusätzlichen ASAD bei der Versorgung von RM-Rupturen im Hinblick auf die funktionellen Behandlungsergebnisse sowie die Revisionsrate. Daher gibt es derzeit keine wissenschaftliche Evidenz, die für eine routinemäßige ASAD im Rahmen der Rekonstruktion von RM-Rupturen spricht. Um evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen zu entwickeln, muss die Akromionmorphologie als wesentlicher mechanisch einengender Faktor differenziert betrachtet werden. Neben der Akromionform nach Bigliani stehen hierbei der laterale Akromionwinkel sowie der akromiale Index zur Beurteilung der Stellung und des Überhangs des Akromions in Relation zum Humeruskopf im Fokus.

Abstract

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASAD) is one of the most commonly performed procedures. The ASAD procedure is indicated in patients with primary extrinsic impingement syndrome of the shoulder with bony narrowing of the subacromial space and resulting symptoms. Preservation of the coracoacromial ligament (CAL) is crucial due to its function as anterosuperior abutment of the coracoacromial arch in order to prevent translation of the humeral head. Resection of the CAL leads to anterosuperior instability with subsequent translation of the humeral head, which increases the rotator cuff force required to maintain physiologic glenohumeral biomechanics. In the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears, the routine performance of ASAD is discussed controversially. Randomized controlled trials show no significant difference in functional results and revision rate for patients who had rotator cuff repair with or without subacromial decompression. Therefore, there is currently no scientific evidence for routine performance of subacromial decompression in rotator cuff repair. Further studies that concentrate on the acromial morphology as a crucial, mechanical narrowing factor are necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines. Besides the acromion type according to Bigliani, the focus should be on the lateral acromion angle and the acromial index to assess the position and the lateral extension of the acromion in relation to the humeral head.

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Correspondence to S. Braun.

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A.B. Imhoff und S. Braun sind Berater der Firma Arthrex GmbH. M. Beirer gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Beirer, M., Imhoff, A.B. & Braun, S. Arthroskopische subakromiale Dekompression in Kombination mit Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktionen. Arthroskopie 30, 202–206 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-017-0140-3

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