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Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
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Acknowledgements
We want to thank Guy Francois of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine for his support. We thank the ESICM COVID UNITE National Coordinators for their help: Bangladesh: Tarikul Hamid; Belgium: Jan De Waele; Brazil: Ederlon Rezende; Canada: Michael Sklar; Chile: Patricio Vargas; China: Bin Du; Colombia: Luis Felipe Reyes; Ecuador: Diego Morocho Tutillo; Germany: Björn Weiss; Greece: Despoina Koulenti; India: Sameer Jog; Ireland: Alistair Nichol; Italy: Katia Donadello; Kenya: Demet S. Sulemanji; Lybia: Muhammed Elhadi; Mexico: Silvio A. Ñmendys-Silva; Netherlands: Paul Elbers; Pakistan: Madiha Hashmi; Peru: Juan Luis Pinedo Portilla; Portugal: Pedro Povoa; Qatar: Abdurrahmaan Ali Elbuzidi; Russian Federation: Vitaly Gusarov; Saudi Arabia: Yaseen Arabi; Singapore: Jensen Ng Jiansheng; Spain: Laura Galarza Barrachina; Turkey: Arzu Topeli; United Kingdom: Alasdair Jubb; United States: Nathan D. Nielsen.
ESICM UNITE COVID Steering committee members: Jan J. De Waele – Ghent, Belgium (co-chair) ; Maurizio Cecconi – Milano, Italy (co-chair) ; Elie Azoulay – Paris, France ; Massimo Antonelli – Rome, Italy ; Giuseppe Citerio – Monza, Italy ; Andy Conway Morris - Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Frantisek Duska – Prague, Czech Republic ; Paul Elbers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Ari Ercole, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Sharon Einav - Jerusalem, Israel ; Lui Forni – Guildford, United Kingdom ; Laura Galarza – Castellon, Spain ; Armand R J Girbes – Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Giacomo Grasselli – Milano, Italy ; Jozef Kesecioglu – Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Andrea Lavinio - Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Maria Martin Delgado - Madrid, Spain ; Johannes Mellinghoff – London, United Kingdom ; Sheila Myatra – Mumbai, India ; Marlies Ostermann – London, UK ; Mariangela Pellegrini – Uppsala, Sweden ; Stefan Schaller – Berlin, Germany ; Jean-Louis Teboul – Paris, France ; Adrian Wong – Guildford, United Kingdom. ESICM UNITE COVID Investigators: Jan J. De Waele (Ghent, Belgium)(co-chair) ; Maurizio Cecconi (Milano, Italy)(co-chair); Andrew Conway Morris (University of Cambridge, UK); Thomas De Corte (Ghent, Belgium); Harm-Jan De Groot (Amsterdam, Netherlands); Ari Ercole (Cambridge, UK), Massimiliano Greco (Milano, Italy) , Giacomo Grasselli (Milan, Italy); Andrea Lavinio (Cambridge, UK); Marlies Ostermann (St Thomas’s Hospital, London, UK); Pedro Povoa (Lisbon, Portugal); Stefan Schaller (Berlin, Germany). ESICM UNITE COVID study group members: ARGENTINA: Hospital de Agudos Santojanni (Buenos Aires): Marco Bezzi; Hospital Universitario Austral (Buenos Aires): Alicia Gira; AUSTRIA: Medical University of Graz (Graz): Philipp Eller; BANGLADESH: Asgar Ali Hospital (Dhaka): Tarikul Hamid; Central Police Hospital (Dhaka): Injamam Ull Haque; BELGIUM: AZ Rivierenland (Bornem): Wim De Buyser; CHIREC Hospitals (Brussels): Antonella Cudia, Daniel De Backer, Pierre Foulon ; Cliniques de l'Europe, St-Michel (Brussels): Vincent Collin; Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent (Gent): Jan De Waele, Jolien Van Hecke; UZ Brussel (Jette): Elisabeth De Waele, Claire Van Malderen; CH Jolimont (La Louvière): Jean-Baptiste Mesland; CHU Charleroi (Lodelinsart): Michael Piagnerelli; CHU Ambroise Pare (Mons): Lionel Haentjens; Clinique Saint-Pierre (Ottignies): Nicolas De Schryver; GZA Ziekenhuizen (Wilrijk): Jan Van Leemput, Philippe Vanhove; Mont-Godinne University Hospital, CHU UCL Namur (Yvoir): Pierre Bulpa; BULGARIA: Multidisciplinary Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases St. Sofia (Sofia): Viktoria Ilieva; CANADA: Brampton Civic Hospital (Brampton): David Katz; North York General Hospital (Toronto): Anna Geagea; William Osler Health System - Etobicoke General Hospital (Toronto): Alexandra Binnie; CHILE: Complejo Asistencial Dr. Victor Rios Ruiz (Los Angeles): Fernando Tirapegui; Hospital Clínico Fusat (Rancagua): Gustavo Lago; Clínica Alemana de Santiago (Santiago): Jerónimo Graf, Rodrigo Perez-Araos; Hospital del Salvador (Santiago): Patricio Vargas; Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello (Viña del Mar): Felipe Martinez; Hospital Naval Almirante Nef (Viña del Mar): Eduardo Labarca; COLOMBIA: Hospital San Jose (Bogota): Daniel Molano Franco; Universidad de La Sabana (Chía) and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana (Chía): Daniela Parra-Tanoux, Luis Felipe Reyes; Ces Clinic (Medellin): David Yepes; CROATIA: UniversityHospital Split (Split): Filip Periš, Sanda Stojanović Stipić; ECUADOR: Hospital General Guasmo Sur (Guayaquil): Cynthia Vanessa Campozano Burgos, Paulo Roberto Navas Boada; Hospital de Especialidades Portoviejo (Portoviejo): Jose Luis Barberan Brun, Juan Pablo Paredes Ballesteros; EGYPT: Gamal Abdelnasser (Alexandria): Ahmed Hammouda; Wingat Royal Hospital (Alexandria): Omar Elmandouh; Luxor Pyretic Medical Centre (Armant): Ahmed Azzam; Assiut University Hospital (Assiut): Aliae Mohamed Hussein; Aswan University (Aswan): Islam Galal; Ain-Shams University Hospitals (Cairo): Ahmed K. Awad; Kasr Al Ainy Cairo University Hospital (Cairo): Mohammed A Azab; Misr International Hospital (Cairo): Maged Abdalla, Hebatallah Assal, Mostafa Alfishawy; El-Sheikh Zayed Specialized Hospital (Giza): Sherief Ghozy; Mansoura University Hospitals (Mansoura): Samar Tharwat; Elmenshawy General Hospital (Tanta): Abdullah Eldaly; ESTONIA: Tartu University Hospital (Tartu): Veronika Reinhard; FRANCE: Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy (Clamart): Anne Chrisment, Chrystelle Poyat; Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté (Trevenans) : Julio Badie, Fernando Berdaguer Ferrari; GERMANY: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, ICU 8i (Berlin): Björn Weiss; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, ICU 43i (Berlin): Karl Friedrich Kuhn; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, ICU 44i (Berlin): Julius J. Grunow; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, ICU 144i (Berlin): Marco Lorenz; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 203i (Berlin): Stefan Schaller; University Hospital Dresden (Dresden): Peter Spieth; Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf (Hamburg): Marc Bota; University Hospital Leipzig (Leipzig): Falk Fichtner; Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TUM, IS1/M2B (Munich): Kristina Fuest; Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TUM, R3A (Munich): Tobias Lahmer; University Hospital of Wurzburg (Wurzburg): Johannes Herrmann, Patrick Meybohm; GREECE: General Hospital of Eleusis ‘Thriasion’ (Eleusis): Nikolaos Markou; George Papanikolaou General Hospital (Exohi-Thessaloniki): Georgia Vasileiadou; University Hospital Attikon: (Haidari): Evangelia Chrysanthopoulou; General Hospital of Larissa (Larissa): Panagiotis Papamichalis; University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA (Thessaloniki): Ioanna Soultati; INDIA: Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center (Pune): Sameer Jog; Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National University (Mumbai) : Kushal Kalvit; Sheila Nainan Myatra; IRELAND: Cavan General Hospital (Cavan): Ivan Krupa; Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital (Drogheda): Aisa Tharwat; St Vincent's University Hospital (Dublin): Alistair Nichol; Galway University Hospitals (Galway): Aine McCarthy; IRAN: Imam Reza Hospital (Tabriz): Ata Mahmoodpoor; ITALY: Sant'Orsola University Hospital (Bologna): Tommaso Tonetti; Santissima Trinità Hospital (Cagliari): Paolo Isoni; Arcispedale Sant’Anna (Ferrara): Savino Spadaro, Carlo Alberto Volta; University of Foggia Ospedali riuniti Foggia (Foggia): Lucia Mirabella; AOU G. Martino (Messina): Alberto Noto; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (Milan): Gaetano Florio, Amedeo Guzzardella, Chiara Paleari; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (Milan): Federica Baccanelli, Marzia Savi; Gemelli IRCCS (Rome): Massimo Antonelli; San Luca (Trecenta Rovigo): Barbara Vaccarini; Città della Salute e della Scienza - Presidio Molinette (Turin): Giorgia Montrucchio, Gabriele Sales; University Hospital Integrated Trust (AOUI) Of Verona (Verona): Katia Donadello, Leonardo Gottin, Enrico Polati; San Bortolo Hospital (Vicenza): Silvia De Rosa; KENYA: MP Shah Hospital (Nairobi): Demet Sulemanji; LIBYA: Almwasfat Hospital (Tripoli): Abdurraouf Abusalama; Tripoli University Hospital (Tripoli): Muhammed Elhadi; MEXICO: Hospital General De Ecatepec Las Americas (Ecatepec de Morelos): Montelongo Felipe De Jesus; Hospital civil nuevo dr Juan I Menchaca (Guadalajara Jalisco): Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez; Hospital de Especialidades Dr.Antonio Fraga Mouret CMN La Raza (Mexico): Nancy Canedo, Alejandro Esquivel Chavez; MOROCCO: Ibn Sina University Hospital (Rabat): Tarek Dendane; NETHERLANDS: Ziekenhuisgroep Twente(Almelo): Bart Grady, Ben de Jong; Amsterdam UMC, VUmc site (Amsterdam): Eveline van der Heiden, Patrick Thoral; Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (Amsterdam): Bas van den Bogaard; Gelre Ziekenhuizen (Apeldoorn): Peter E. Spronk; Haaglanden Medisch Centrum (Den Haag): Sefanja Achterberg; Deventer Ziekenhuis (Deventer): Melanie Groeneveld; Albert Schweitzer Hospital (Dordrecht): Ralph K.L. So, Calvin de Wijs; Catharina Ziekenhuis (Eindhoven): Harm Scholten; Medisch Spectrum Twente (Enschede): Albertus Beishuizen, Alexander D. Cornet; Martiniziekenhuis (Groningen): Auke C. Reidinga; University Medical Center Groningen (Groningen): Hetty Kranen, Roos Mensink; Spaarne Gasthuis (Haarlem): Sylvia den Boer, Marcel de Groot; Tjongerschans Heerenveen (Heerenveen): Oliver Beck; Medical Centre Leeuwarden (Leeuwarden): Carina Bethlehem; Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht): Bas van Bussel; Radboudumc (Nijmegen): Tim Frenzel; Elisabeth TweeSteden Ziekenhuis (ETZ) (Tilburg): Celestine de Jong, Rob Wilting; University Medical Center Utrecht (Utrecht): Jozef Kesecioglu; VieCuri Medical Center (Venlo): Jannet Mehagnoul-Schipper; NIGERIA: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (Port Harcourt): Datonye Alasia; PAKISTAN: Ziauddin Hospital Clifton Campus (Karachi): Ashok Kumar; Bahria International Hospital (Lahore): Ahad Qayyum, Muhammad Rana; PALESTINE: Alshifaa Hospital (Gaza) : Mustafa Abu Jayyab; PERU: Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (Lima): Rosario Quispe Sierra; PHILIPINES: Asian Hospital and Medical Center (Muntinlupa): Aaron Mark Hernandez; PORTUGAL: Hospital de Cascais - Dr. José de Almeida (Alcabideche): Lúcia Taborda; Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando da Fonseca, E.P.E. (Amadora): Tiago Ramires; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Coimbra): Catarina Silva; Centro Hospitalar de Leiria (Leiria): Carolina Roriz; Hospital São Francisco Xavier (Lisboa): Pedro Póvoa; Hospital Beatriz Ângelo (Loures): Patricia Patricio; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit (Porto): Maria Lurdes Santos; Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Serviço de Medicina Intensiva (Porto): Vasco Costa, Pedro Cunha; Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Hospital Santo Antonio (Porto): Celina Gonçalves; Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga (Santa Maria da Feira): Sandra Nunes; Hospital Pedro Hispano (Senhora da Hora): João Camões; Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (Vila Nova de Gaia): Diana Adrião; Centro Hospitalar de Tondela-Viseu, EPE (Viseu): Ana Oliveira; QATAR: Hamad Medical Corporation (Doha): Alwakra Hospital (Alwakra): Ali Omrani; Hamad General Hospital, HGH ICU (Doha): Muna Al Maslamani; Hamad General Hospital, HMC- MICU (Doha): Abdurrahmaan Suei elbuzidi; Hamad Medical Corporation, Accident and Emergency (Doha): Bara Mahmoud Al qudah; Hazem Mubarak General Hospital, HMGH-1 (Doha): Abdel Rauof Akkari, Mohamed Alkhatteb; Hazem Mubarak General Hospital, HMGH-2 (Doha): Anas Baiou; Hazem Mubarak General Hospital, HMGH-3: Ahmed Husain; Hazem Mubarak General Hospital, HMGH-4 (Doha): Mohamed Alwraidat, Ibrahim Abdulsalam Saif; Hazem Mubarak General Hospital, HMGH-5 (Doha): Dana Bakdach; Hazem Mubarak General Hospital, HMGH-6 (Doha): Amna Ahmed, Mohamed Aleef; The Cuban Hospital, TCH ICU (Dukhan): Awadh Bintaher; ROMANIA: Clinical Emergency County Hospital (Cluj-Napoca): Cristina Petrisor; RUSSIA: State budgetary healthcare institution ‘Research Institute-regional clinical hospital named after Professor Ochapovsky S.V’ (Krasnodar): Evgeniy Popov; City Clinical Hospital № 40 (Moscow): Ksenia Popova; Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov’ of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Moscow): Mariia Dementienko; FGBU ‘National Medical-Surgery Hospital by N.I.Pirogov’ (Moscow): Boris Teplykh; FSBI <National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov> Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Moscow): Alexey Pyregov; Moscow City Hospital N. 52 (Moscow): Liubov Davydova; Privolzhskiy District Medical Center (Nizhny Novgorod): Belskii Vladislav; Novosibirsk State University with clinical facility City Clinical Hospital #25 (Novosibirsk): Elena Neporada, Ivan Zverev; Botkin's Hospital (St. Petersburg): Svetlana Meshchaninova; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care №2 (St. Petersburg): Dmitry Sokolov; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, ICU №2 (St. Petersburg): Elena Gavrilova; First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Scientific Clinical Center of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (St. Petersburg): Irena Shlyk; Saint Petersburg State Medical Institution ‘City Hospital No. 38 named after N. A. Semashko’ (St. Petersburg): Igor Poliakov; War Veteran’s Hospital, СПб ГБУЗ Госпиталь для ветеранов войн (St. Petersburg): Марина Власова; SAUDI ARABIA: Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Hospital (Jeddah): Ohoud Aljuhani, Amina Alkhalaf; King Abdulaziz Medical City (Riyadh): Felwa Bin Humaid, Yaseen Arabi; King Saud Medical City: Ahmed Kuhail; Prince Sultan Medical Military Center, GICU1 (Riyadh): Omar Elrabi; Prince Sultan Medical Military Center, GICU2 (Riyadh): Madihah Alghnam; SINGAPORE: Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Jurong Health, NUHS (Singapore): Amit Kansal; Sengkang General Hospital (Singapore): Vui Kian Ho; Tan Tock Seng Hospital (Singapore): Jensen Ng; SPAIN: Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (A Coruña): Raquel Rodrígez García, Xiana Taboada Fraga; Hospital General La Mancha Centro (Alcázar de San Juan): Mª del Pilar García-Bonillo, Antonio Padilla-Serrano; Hospital Universitario San Agustín (Aviles): Marta Martin Cuadrado; Hospital Clinic Barcelona (Barcelona): Carlos Ferrando; Hospital General Universitario de Castellon (Castellon de la Plana): Ignacio Catalan-Monzon, Laura Galarza; Hospital Universitario de Getafe (Getafe): Fernando Frutos-Vivar, Jorge Jimenez, Carmen Rodríguez-Solis; Hospital San Jorge (Huesca): Enric Franquesa-Gonzalez; Complejo Hospitalario Insular Materno Infantil (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria): Guillermo Pérez Acosta, Luciano Santana Cabrera; Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (Leganes): Juan Pablo Aviles Parra, Francisco Muñoyerro Gonzalez; Hospital Rafael Mendez (Lorca): Maria del Carmen Lorente Conesa; Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (Lugo): Ignacio Yago Martinez Varela; Hospital HM Sanchinarro (Madrid): Orville Victoriano Baez Pravia; Hospital Universitario de Torrejón (Madrid): Maria Cruz Martin Delgado, Carlos Munoz de Cabo; Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (Madrid): Ana-Maria Ioan, Cesar Perez-Calvo, Arnoldo Santos; Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (Madrid): Ane Abad-Motos, Javier Ripolles-Melchor; Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid): Belén Civantos Martin, Santiago Yus Teruel; Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias (Madrid): Juan Higuera Lucas; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Madrid): Aaron Blandino Ortiz, Raúl de Pablo Sánchez; Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Malaga): Jesús Emilio Barrueco-Francioni; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Oviedo): Lorena Forcelledo Espina; Hospital Quironsalud Palmaplanas (Palma de Mallorca): José M. Bonell-Goytisolo; H.U. Son Llàtzer (Palma de Mallorca): Iñigo Salaverria, Antonia Socias Mir; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Santiago de Compostela): Emilio Rodriguez-Ruiz; Complejo Asistencial de Segovia (Segovia): Virginia Hidalgo Valverde, Patricia Jimeno Cubero; Hospital Nuestra Señora Del Prado (Talavera de la Reina): Francisca Arbol Linde, Nieves Cruza Leganes; Hospital Provincial de Toledo (Toledo): Juan Maria Romeu; Hospital Verge de la Cinta (Tortosa): Pablo Concha; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Servicio de Medicina Intensiva (Valladolid): José Angel Berezo-Garcia, Virginia Fraile; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Unidad 2 (Valladolid): Cristina Cuenca-Rubio, David Perez-Torres; Hospital Clínic Universitari de Valencia (Valencia): Ainhoa Serrano; Hospital Universitario de La Plana (Vila-Real): Clara Martínez Valero; Hospital Comarcal Vinaroz (Vinaroz): Andrea Ortiz Suner; Hospital Universitario de Alava (Vitoria-Gasteiz): Leire Larrañaga, Noemi Legaristi; Hospital Virgen de la Concha (Zamora): Gerardo Ferrigno; SUDAN: Aliaa Specialist Hospital (Omdurman): Safa Khlafalla; SURINAME: Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo (Paramaribo): Rosita Bihariesingh-Sanchit; SWEDEN: Hallands Sjukhus (Halmstad): Frank Zoerner; Karolinska University Hospital (Huddinge): Jonathan Grip, Kristina Kilsand; Sunderby Hospital (Luleå): Jonas Österlind; Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala Univeristy Hospital (Uppsala): Magnus von Seth; Västerviks Sjukhus (Västerviks): Johan Berkius; SWITZERLAND: Clinica Luganese Moncucco (Lugano): Samuele Ceruti, Andrea Glotta; TURKEY: Ankara City Hospital / General Hospital (Ankara): Seval Izdes; Ankara City Hospital Orthopedics and Neurology Hospital (Ankara): Işıl Özkoçak Turan; Gulhane Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi (Ankara): Ahmet Cosar; Hacettepe University (Ankara): Burcin Halacli; University of Health Sciences Kecioren Training and Research Hospital (Ankara): Necla Dereli; Derince Research and Education Hospital, Health Sciences University (Derince / Kocaeli): Mehmet Yilmaz; Düzce University School of Medicine (Düzce): Türkay Akbas; Gaziantep University (Gaziantep): Gülseren Elay; Giresun Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. A. İlhan Özdemir Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi (Giresun): Selin Eyüpoğlu; Kartal Dr. Lütfí Kirdar Şehír Hastanesí (Istanbul): Yelíz Bílír, Kemal Tolga Saraçoğlu; SBU Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Training Hospital (Istanbul): Ebru Kaya, Ayca Sultan Sahin; Ege University School of Medicine (Izmir): Pervin Korkmaz Ekren; Niğde Research and Training Hospital (Niğde): Tuğçe Mengi; Sakarya University Education Research Hospital (Sakarya): Kezban Ozmen Suner, Yakup Tomak; Kanuni Education and Training Hospital (Trabzon): Ahmet Eroglu; UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Mediclinic City Hospital (Dubai): Asad Alsabbah; UNITED KINGDOM: Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (Aberdeen): Katie Hanlon; Belfast City Hospital (Belfast): Kevin Gervin, Sean McMahon; Ulster Hospital (Belfast): Samantha Hagan; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (Birmingham): Caroline V Higenbottam, Randeep Mullhi, Lottie Poulton, Tomasz Torlinski; Royal Blackburn Hospital (Blackburn): Allen Gareth, Nick Truman; West Suffolk Hospital NHS foundation Trust (Bury St Edmunds): Gopal Vijayakumar; Cambridge University Hospitals (Cambridge): Ari Ercole, Chris Hall, Alasdair Jubb; Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (Cambridge): Lenka Cagova, Nicola Jones; Countess Of Chester (Chester): Sam Graham, Nicole Robin; Darlington Memorial Hospital (Darlington): Amanda Cowton; Altnagelvin Hospital - WHSCT (Derry): Adrian Donnelly; Doncaster Royal Infirmary (Doncaster): Natalia Singatullina; University Hospital of North Durham (Durham): Melanie Kent; Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust (Exeter): Carole Boulanger; Royal Surrey Hospital (Guildford): Zoë Campbell, Elizabeth Potter; Royal Gwent Hospital (Gwent): Natalie Duric, Tamas Szakmany; Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (Harefield): Orinta Kviatkovske, Nandor Marczin; The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust (Harlow): Caroline Ellis, Rajnish Saha; Harrogate District Hospital (Harrogate): Chunda Sri-Chandana; NHS University Hospital Crosshouse (Kilmarnock): John Allan; Kingston Hospital (Kingston upon Thames): Lana Mumelj, Harish Venkatesh; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Lancaster Infirmary (Lancaster): Vera Nina Gotz; St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (Liverpool): Anthony Cochrane; Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital (London): Nuttha Lumlertgul, Barbara Ficial; Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (London): Susan Jain; Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (London): Giulia Beatrice Crapelli, Aikaterini Vlachou; Maidstone Hospital (Maidstone): David Golden; Borders General Hospital (Melrose): Sweyn Garrioch; James Cook University (Middlesbrough): Jeremy Henning, Gupta Loveleena; The Tunbridge Wells Hospital (Pembury): Miriam Davey; Queen's Hospital (Romford): Lina Grauslyte, Erika Salciute-Simene; Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust (Salisbury): Martin Cook; Stepping Hill Hospital (Stockport): Danny Barling, Phil Broadhurst; University Hospital of North Tees (Stockton-on-Tees): Sarah Purvis; Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust (Truro): Spivey Michael; Warwick Hospital (Warwick): Benjamin Shuker; Royal Hampshire County Hospital (Winchester): Irina Grecu; Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Woolwich): Daniel Harding; Bassetlaw District General Hospital (Worksop): Natalia Singatullina; UNITED STATES: University of New Mexico School of Medicine (Albuquerque, NM): James T. Dean, Nathan D. Nielsen; Brooklyn VA Medical Center (Brooklyn, VA): Sama Al-Bayati; SUNY Downstate Medical Center (Brooklyn, NY): Mohammed Al-Sadawi; Cooper University Hospital (Camden, NJ): Mariane Charron; St. Joseph Hospital (Denver, CO): Peter Stubenrauch; Ochsner Medical Center (New Orleans, LA): Jairo Santanilla, Catherine Wentowski; University of Utah Health (Salt Lake City, UT): Dorothea Rosenberger; Stony Brook University Hospital (Stony Brook, NY): Polikseni Eksarko, Randeep Jawa.
Funding
European Society of Intensive Care Medicine ACM is supported by a Clinician Scientist Fellowship from the Medical Research Council (MR/V006118/1). JDW is supported by a Sr Clinical Research Grant from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Ref. 1881020N). This work was partially funded by the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) [project Number G085920N].
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Conceptualisation: ACM, MC, and JdW; methodology: KK and TdC; software: KK and TdC; formal analysis: KK and TdC; Investigation: ACM and JdW; provision of resources: MC and JdW; data curation: TdC; writing—original draft: ACM, KK, TdC, JdW; writing—review and editing: ACM, KK, TdC, MC, and JdW; supervision: ACM, MC, and JdW; project administration: MC and JdW; funding: JdW.
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ACM sits on the scientific advisory board of Cambridge Infection Diagnostics and has received speaking fees from Biomerieux, Fischer and Paykel, Thermo Fisher and Boston Scientific. JDW has consulted for Menarini, MSD, Pfizer, ThermoFisher and Viatris (fees and honoraria paid to institution). All other authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest.
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The study received approval from Ghent University Hospital Ethics committee, registration BC-07826 and appropriate approvals at each participating site in line with local regulations. Where required by local regulations consent for inclusion was sought from the patient or their representative, other sites approved consent waiver for use of anonymised, routinely collected data.
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The members of the UNITE-COVID investigators group was processed in the Acknowledgement section.
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De Corte, T., Kohler, K., Cecconi, M. et al. Characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection amongst critically ill COVID-19 patients in the first two waves of the pandemic. Intensive Care Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07444-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07444-1