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Hormontherapie in den Wechseljahren

Woher kommen wir? Wohin gehen wir?

Postmenopausal hormonal therapy

Where do we come from? Where do we go?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Bis Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts ging man davon aus, dass man mit einer Hormontherapie (HT) in und nach den Wechseljahren nicht nur das klimakterische Syndrom effektiv behandeln könne, sondern auch altersassoziierten Erkrankungen wie Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Demenz und Osteoporose vorbeugen könne. Große epidemiologische Studien unterstützten diese Hypothese. Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts wurden jedoch die Ergebnisse großer randomisierter placebokontrollierter Studien veröffentlicht, die den bis dahin beschworenen präventiven Nutzen nicht in dem gehofften Ausmaß bestätigen konnten. Von einem einzigartigen Medienspektakel begleitet wurde der bis dahin verfolgte präventive Ansatz verlassen. Viele Wissenschaftler schrieben der HT nun ein inakzeptables Risikoprofil zu. Aus Angst vor potenziellen Nebenwirkungen brachen viele Frauen die HT ab oder begannen sie gar nicht erst. Kürzlich durchgeführte Reanalysen konnten jedoch zeigen, dass das Nutzen-Risiken-Verhältnis entscheidend vom Alter zu Therapiebeginn abhängt. Wird die Behandlung frühzeitig begonnen, d. h. kurz nach Erlöschen der Ovarialfunktion, besteht möglicherweise doch zumindest im Hinblick auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko ein präventiver Nutzen. Heute stehen wir noch vor vielen unbeantworteten Fragen. Eine ausgewogene, Nutzen und Risken gleichermaßen berücksichtigende Beratung von Frauen mit klimakterischen Beschwerden, die sich hilfesuchend an uns Ärzte wenden, ist damit eine Herausforderung geworden.

Abstract

Until the turn of the century, research indicated that postmenopausal hormonal therapy (HT) was not only helpful for alleviating menopausal symptoms, but it might also prevent the development of diseases associated with age, such as cardiovascular disease, dementia and osteoporosis. Large observational studies supported these hypotheses. However, randomized controlled trials published at the beginning of this century did not confirm many of those benefits seen in the observational trials. Accompanied by spectacular media coverage the enthusiastic preventive approach to use HT was abandoned. HT was considered to have an unacceptable risk profile by many scientists. Afraid of potential risks many women stopped or never started the use of HT. Nevertheless, more recent reanalysis of the available data suggested that the risk/benefit ratio of HT is critically influenced by the timing of initiation of HT. If given early in menopause, soon after cessation of ovarian function, some preventive benefit is very likely, whereas given later on in life HT may have a negative impact on the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Today clinicians are left with many unanswered questions, left with the challenge of balancing the potential benefits and risks when taking care of patients seeking help for menopausal symptoms.

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Interessenkonflikt

Die Autorin ist als Referentin bzw. Beraterin für die Firmen Bayer-Schering, Essex-Organon, Jenapharm, Kade, Procter & Gamble und Solvay tätig.

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Correspondence to A. Schwenkhagen.

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Schwenkhagen, A., Schaudig, K., Banz, C. et al. Hormontherapie in den Wechseljahren. Gynäkologe 41, 858–864 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-008-2207-8

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