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Origin of the Tongshankou porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo deposit, eastern Yangtze craton, Eastern China: geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic constraints

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Abstract

The Tongshankou Cu–Mo deposit, located in the westernmost Daye district of the Late Mesozoic Metallogenic Belt along the Middle-Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, eastern China, consists mainly of porphyry and skarn ores hosted in the Tongshankou granodiorite and along the contact with the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, respectively. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe zircon U–Pb dating constrains the crystallization of the granodiorite at 140.6 ± 2.4 Ma (1σ). Six molybdenite samples from the porphyry ores yield Re–Os isochron age of 143.8 ± 2.6 Ma (2σ), while a phlogopite sample from the skarn ores yields an 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 143.0 ± 0.3 Ma and an isochron age of 143.8 ± 0.8 Ma (2σ), indicating an earliest Cretaceous mineralization event. The Tongshankou granodiorite has geochemical features resembling slab-derived adakites, such as high Sr (740–1,300 ppm) and enrichment in light rare earth elements (REE), low Sc (<10 ppm), Y (<13.3 ppm), and depletion in heavy REE (<1.2 ppm Yb), and resultant high Sr/Y (60–92) and La/Yb (26–75) ratios. However, they differ from typical subduction-related adakites by high K, low MgO and Mg#, and radiogenic Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, with (87Sr/86Sr) t  = 0.7062–0.7067, ɛ Nd(t) = −4.37 to −4.63, (176Hf/177Hf) t  = 0.282469–0.282590, and ɛ Hf(t) = −3.3 to −7.6. The geochemical and isotopic data, coupled with geological analysis, indicate that the Tongshankou granodiorite was most likely generated by partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle that was previously metasomitized by slab melts related to an ancient subduction system. Magmas derived from such a source could have acquired a high oxidation state, as indicated by the assemblage of quartz–magnetite–titanite–amphibole–Mg-rich biotite in the Tongshankou granodiorite and the compositions of magmatic biotite that fall in the field between the NiNiO and magnetite–hematite buffers in the Fe3+–Fe2+–Mg diagram. Sulfur would have been present as sulfates in such highly oxidized magmas, so that chalcophile elements Cu and Mo were retained as incompatible elements in the melt, contributing to subsequent mineralization. A compilation of existing data reveals that porphyry and porphyry-related Cu–Fe–Au–Mo mineralization from Daye and other districts of the Metallogenic Belt along the Middle-Lower reaches of the Yangtze River took place coevally in the Early Cretaceous and was related to an intracontinental extensional environment, distinctly different from the arc-compressive setting of the Cenozoic age that has been responsible for the emplacement of most porphyry Cu deposits of the Pacific Rim.

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 40334037, 40521001), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (grant IRT0441), the CRGC grants of the University of Hong Kong (MFZ), and the Program of Innovative Research Team (CUG, Wuhan). We are grateful to Ms. Xiao Fu and Drs. Liang Qi and Andao Du for XRF determination, ICP-MS analysis, and Re–Os dating, respectively. Constructive reviews by Drs. Derek Wyman and Yuanming Pan and editorial comments by Profs. Larry Meinert and David Lentz have helped to improve the presentation of the paper, which are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Jian-Wei Li & Chang-Qian Ma

  2. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Jian-Wei Li, Xiao-Dong Deng, Yong-Xin Zhao & Gang Wu

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Xin-Fu Zhao & Mei-Fu Zhou

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia

    Paulo Vasconcelos

  5. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Chang-Qian Ma

  6. Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica and Departmento de Geologia, CCET-UFRN, Natal, Brazil

    Zorano Sérgio de Souza

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Correspondence to Jian-Wei Li.

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Editorial handling: D. Lentz

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Li, JW., Zhao, XF., Zhou, MF. et al. Origin of the Tongshankou porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo deposit, eastern Yangtze craton, Eastern China: geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic constraints. Miner Deposita 43, 315–336 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-007-0161-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-007-0161-3

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