Abstract
Cotton, the most important economic crop in the world, displays strong hybrid vigor, and has long been a subject for hybrid cultivar breeding. Here, advances in the theoretical and applied research in cotton heterosis along with its hybrid cultivar development by hand-emasculation and pollination (HEP), cytoplasmic (CMS) and genic male sterile lines (GMS) mainly in China during the past few decades are presented in this review. Three types of hybrids produced by HEP, CMS and GMS facilitating hybrid seed production with hand-pollination have been developed and are being planted simultaneously in cotton production. However, most hybrids commercially planted in production are produced by HEP, therefore, F2 seeds are being extensively planted due to the high cost to produce F1 seed. F2 generations of these combinations exceed the check cultivars in yield usually up to 5~15%. GMS genes (ms2 and ms5ms6) used in hybrid seed production and casual mitochondrial genes for G. harknessii CMS have been cloned. Challenges and opportunities in cotton heterosis and future hybrid cultivar development in cotton are discussed.
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Acknowledgements
We would like express our gratitude to the late Prof. Pan Jiaju. Prof. Pan, the mentor of the corresponding author TZZ, first introduced cotton hetrosis research to the author. TZZ also thanks his many graduate students such as Feng YJ, Yuan YL, Wu YD, Liu LW, Wang BH, Zhu XX, Liu RZ, Yin JM, Yang LM, Chen DY for their contributions to this work during their scholastic research in Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), and to his collegues at NAU: Associate Prof. Zhu XF, for his assistance to develop a series of NAU hybrids. The authors apologize to those whose work was not cited owing to space constraints.
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This study is financially supported in part by grants from the NSFC (32130075), the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang (2019R01002), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (226-2022-00100).
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TZ conceived and designed the research. TZ, LX, YM, and YH wrote and approved the manuscript.
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Zhang, T., Xuan, L., Mao, Y. et al. Cotton heterosis and hybrid cultivar development. Theor Appl Genet 136, 89 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04334-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04334-w