Abstract
Key message
A single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene MlNFS10 was identified in wild emmer wheat and mapped within a 0.3cM genetic interval spanning a 2.1Mb physical interval on chromosome arm 4AL.
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici (Bgt) is a globally devastating disease. The use of powdery mildew resistance genes from wild relatives of wheat is an effective method of disease management. Our previous research has shown that disruptive ecological selection has driven the discrete adaptations of the wild emmer wheat population on the south facing slope (SFS) and north facing slope (NFS) at the microsite of “Evolution Canyon” at Mount Carmel, Israel and demonstrated that 16 accessions in the NFS population display high resistance to 11 powdery mildew isolates (collected from different wheat fields in China). Here, we constructed bi-parental population by crossing the accession NFS-10 (resistant to 22 Bgt races collected from China in seedling resistance screen) and the susceptible line SFS2-12. Genetic analysis indicated that NFS-10 carries a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlNFS10. Ultimately, 13 markers were successfully located within the long arm of chromosome 4A, thereby delineating MlNFS10 to a 0.3 cM interval covering 2.1 Mb (729275816-731365462) in the Chinese Spring reference sequence. We identified disease resistance-associated genes based on the RNA-seq analysis of both parents. The tightly linked InDel marker XWsdau73447 and SSR marker XWsdau72928 were developed and used for marker-assisted selection when MlNFS10 was introgressed into a hexaploid wheat background. Therefore, MlNFS10 can be used for improvement of germplasm in breeding programs for powdery mildew resistant cultivars.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akpinar BA, Biyiklioglu S, Alptekin B, Havrankova M, Vrana J, Doležel J, Distelfeld A, Hernandez P, Budak H (2018) Chromosome-based survey sequencing reveals the genome organization of wild wheat progenitor Triticum dicoccoides. Plant Biotechnol J 16:2077–2087. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12940
Alam MA, Xue F, Ali M, Wang C, Ji W (2013) Identification and molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PMG25 in common wheat originated from wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). Pak J Bot 45:203–208
Appels R, Eversole K, Stein N, Feuillet C, Keller B, Rogers J, Pozniak CJ, Choulet F, Distelfeld A, Poland J et al (2018) Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome. Science 361:661. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7191
Avni R, Nave M, Barad O, Baruch K, Twardziok S, Gundlach H, Hale I, Mascher M, Spannagl M, Wiebe K et al (2017) Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication. Science 357:93–97. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan0032
Bendavid R, Xie W, Peleg Z, Saranga Y, Dinoor A, Fahima T (2010) Identification and mapping of PmG16, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. Theor Appl Genet 121:499–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1326-5
Bettgenhaeuser J, Krattinger SG (2019) Rapid gene cloning in cereals. Theor Appl Genet 132:699–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3210-7
Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Cenci A, Carluccio AV, Abdelbacki AMM, Simeone R (2008) Molecular mapping of the novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36 introgressed from Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides in durum wheat. Theor Appl Genet 117:135–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0760-0
Cao A, Xing L, Wang X, Yang X, Wang W, Sun Y, Qian C, Ni J, Chen Y, Liu D et al (2011) Serine/threonine kinase gene Stpk-V, a key member of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:7727–7732. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016981108
Chen XM, Luo YH, Xia X, Xia LQ, Chen X, Ren ZL, He Z, Jia J (2005) Chromosomal location of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm16 in wheat using SSR marker analysis. Plant Breed 124:225–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01094.x
Dangl JL, Horvath DM, Staskawicz BJ (2013) Pivoting the plant immune system from dissection to deployment. Science 341:746–751. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1236011
Dvorak J, Wang L, Zhu T, Jorgensen CM, Luo M, Deal KR, Gu YQ, Gill BS, Distelfeld A, Devos KM, Qi P, Mcguire PE (2018) Reassessment of the evolution of wheat chromosomes 4A, 5A, and 7B. Theor Appl Genet 131:2451–2462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3165-8
Geng M, Zhang J, Peng F, Liu X, Lv X, Mi Y, Li Y, Li F, Xie C, Sun Q (2016) Identification and mapping of MLIW30, a novel powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. Mol Breed 36:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-016-0553-0
Han J, Zhang L, Li G, Zhang H, Xie C, Yang Z, Sun Q, Liu Z (2009) Molecular Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene MlWE18 in Wheat Originated from Wild Emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). Acta Agron Sin 35:1791–1797. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01791
Hao M, Luo J, Zhang L, Yuan Z, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Liu D (2013) In situ hybridization analysis indicates that 4AL-5AL-7BS translocation preceded subspecies differentiation of Triticum turgidum. Genome 56:303–305. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2013-0049
He H, Zhu S, Zhao R, Jiang Z, Ji Y, Ji J, Qiu D, Li H, Bie T (2018) Pm21, encoding a typical CC-NBS-LRR protein, confers broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew disease. Mol Plant 11:879–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2018.03.004
Hua W, Liu Z, Zhu J, Xie C, Yang T, Zhou Y, Duan X, Sun Q, Liu Z (2009) Identification and genetic mapping of Pm42, a new recessive wheat powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). Theor Appl Genet 119:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1031-4
Hua W, Guo X, Zhu J, Liu Z, Cui Y, Wu H, Xiao Y, Xie C, Yang Z, Sun Q, Liu Z (2010) Identification and genetic mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene MlWE27 in common wheat introgressed from Triticum dicoccoides. J Agric Biotechnol 18:3–9. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2010.01.002
Huang X, Zeller FJ, Hsam SLK, Wenzel G, Mohler V (2000) Chromosomal location of AFLP markers in common wheat utilizing nulli-tetrasomic stocks. Genome 43:298–305. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-43-2-298
Ji X, Xie C, Ni Z, Yang T, Nevo E, Fahima T, Liu Z, Sun Q (2008) Identification and genetic mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) accession IW72 from Israel. Euphytica 159:385–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9540-1
Kang Y, Zhou M, Merry AM, Barry KM (2020) Mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance of wheat: a review of molecular breeding. Plant Pathol 69:601–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13166
Keller B, Wicker T, Krattinger SG (2018) Advances in wheat and pathogen genomics: implications for disease control. Annu Rev Phytopathol 56:67–87. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035419
Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen S, Feng L, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G et al (2018) Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family. Nat Commun 9:3735. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06138-9
Leng Y, Zhao M, Wang R, Steffenson BJ, Brueggeman R, Zhong S (2018) The gene conferring susceptibility to spot blotch caused by Cochliobolus sativus is located at the Mla locus in barley cultivar Bowman. Theor Appl Genet 131:1531–1539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3095-5
Li G (2009) The exploitation, identification and molecular mapping of powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes in wheat. Dissertation, China Agricultural University
Li G, Fang T, Zhang H, Xie C, Yang Z, Sun Q, Liu Z (2009) Identification and SSR mapping of two powdery mildew resistance genes in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) accessions IW3 and IW10. Acta Agron Sin 35:761–767. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00761
Liu Z, Sun Q, Ni Z, Nevo E, Yang T (2002) Molecular characterization of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm30 in wheat originating from wild emmer. Euphytica 123:21–29. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014471113511
Liu Z, Zhu J, Cui Y, Liang Y, Wu H, Song W, Liu Q, Yang T, Sun Q, Liu Z (2012) Identification and comparative mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) on chromosome 2BS. Theor Appl Genet 124:1041–1049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1767-5
Liu W, Koo D-H, Xia Q, Li C, Bai F, Song Y, Friebe B, Gill BS (2017) Homologous recombination-based transfer and molecular cytogenetic mapping of powdery mildew-resistant gene Pm57 from Aegilops searsii into wheat. Theor Appl Genet 130:841–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2855-y
Ma ZQ, Sorrells ME, Tanksley SD (1994) RFLP markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1, Pm2, Pm3, and Pm4 in wheat. Genome 37:871–875. https://doi.org/10.1139/g94-123
Maekawa T, Kufer TA, Schulzelefert P (2011) NLR functions in plant and animal immune systems: so far and yet so close. Nat Immunol 12:817–826. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2083
Martin GB, Brommonschenkel S, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal MW, Spivey R, Wu T, Earle ED, Tanksley SD (1993) Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science 262:1432–1436. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7902614
Maxwell JJ, Lyerly JH, Srnic G, Parks R, Cowger C, Marshall D, Brownguedira G, Murphy JP (2010) MlAB10: a Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides derived powdery mildew resistance gene identified in common wheat. Crop Sci 50:2261–2267. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0195
Maxwell JJ, Lyerly JH, Srnic G, Murphy JP, Cowger C, Parks R, Marshall D, Brownguedira G, Miranda L (2012) MlNCD1: a novel Aegilops tauschii-derived powdery mildew resistance gene identified in common wheat. Crop Sci 52:1162–1170. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.11.0582
Mcdonald BA, Linde CC (2002) Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol 40:349–379. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.120501.101443
McIntosh RA, Dubcovsky J, Rogers WJ, Xia XC, Raupp WJ (2018) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat: 2018 supplement. https://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/awn/64/AWN_VOL_64.pdf. Accessed 1 Sept 2018
Mohler V, Zeller FJ, Wenzel G, Hsam SLK (2005) Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). 9. Gene MlZec1 from the Triticum dicoccoides-derived wheat line Zecoi-1. Euphytica 142:161–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-1251-x
Mohler V, Bauer C, Schweizer G, Kempf H, Hartl L (2013) Pm50: a new powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat derived from cultivated emmer. J Appl Genet 54:259–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-013-0158-9
Obsa BT, Eglinton J, Coventry S, March T, Langridge P, Fleury D (2016) Genetic analysis of developmental and adaptive traits in three doubled haploid populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”. Theor Appl Genet 129:1139–1151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-016-2689-z
Ouyang S, Zhang D, Han J, Zhao X, Cui Y, Song W, Huo N, Liang Y, Xie J, Wang Z, Wu Q, Chen Y, Lu P, Zhang D, Wang L, Sun H, Tsomin Y, Gabriel KG, Rudi A, Jaroslav D, Ling H, Luo M, Gu Y, Sun Q, Liu Z (2014) Fine physical and genetic mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 originating from wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides). PLoS ONE 9(6):e100160. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100160
Piarulli L, Gadaleta A, Mangini G, Signorile MA, Pasquini M, Blanco A, Simeone R (2012) Molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 2BS from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum. Plant Sci 196:101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.015
Pugsley AT, Carter MV (1953) The resistance of twelve varieties of Triticum vulgare to Erysiphe graminis tritici. Aust J Biol Sci 6:335–346. https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9530335
Qureshi N, Bariana HS, Zhang P, Mcintosh RA, Bansal UK, Wong D, Hayden MJ, Dubcovsky J, Shankar M (2017) Genetic relationship of stripe rust resistance genes Yr34 and Yr48 in wheat and identification of linked KASP markers. Plant Dis 102:413–420. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1144-RE
Reddy INBL, Chandrasekhar K, Zewdu Y, Dinoor A, Keller B, Bendavid R (2016) Identification and genetic mapping of PmAF7DS a powdery mildew resistance gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 129:1127–1137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-016-2688-0
Rimbert H, Darrier B, Navarro J, Kitt J, Choulet F, Leveugle M, Duarte J, Riviere N, Eversole K, Gouis JL et al (2018) High throughput SNP discovery and genotyping in hexaploid wheat. PLoS ONE 13:e0186329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186329
Rong J, Millet E, Manisterski J, Feldman M (2000) A new powdery mildew resistance gene: introgression from wild emmer into common wheat and RFLP-based mapping. Euphytica 115:121–126. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003950431049
Sánchez-Martín J, Steuernagel B, Ghosh S, Herren G, Hurni S, Adamski NM, Vrána J, Kubaláková M, Krattinger SG, Wicker T et al (2016) Rapid gene isolation in barley and wheat by mutant chromosome sequencing. Genome Biol 17:221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1082-1
Savary R, Masclaux FG, Wyss T, Droh G, Corella JC, Machado AP, Morton JB, Sanders IR (2018) A population genomics approach shows widespread geographical distribution of cryptic genomic forms of the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. ISME J 12:17–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.153
Singh RP, Singh PK, Rutkoski J, Hodson DP, He X, Jorgensen LN, Hovmoller MS, Huerta-Espino J (2016) Disease impact on wheat yield potential and prospects of genetic control. Annu Rev Phytopathol 54:303–322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095835
Somers DJ, Isaac P, Edwards KJ (2004) A high-density microsatellite consensus map for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 109:1105–1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1740-7
Sourdille P, Singh S, Cadalen T, Brownguedira GL, Qi LL, Gill BS, Dufour P, Murigneux A, Bernard M (2004) Microsatellite-based deletion bin system for the establishment of genetic-physical map relationships in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Funct Integr Genomic 4:12–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-004-0106-1
Spielmeyer W, Mcintosh RA, Kolmer J, Lagudah ES (2005) Powdery mildew resistance and Lr34/Yr18 genes for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rust cosegregate at a locus on the short arm of chromosome 7D of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 111:731–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-2058-9
Steuernagel B, Periyannan S, Hernandezpinzon I, Witek K, Rouse MN, Yu G, Hatta A, Ayliffe M, Bariana HS, Jones JDG et al (2016) Rapid cloning of disease-resistance genes in plants using mutagenesis and sequence capture. Nat Biotechnol 34:652–655. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3543
Su Z, Bernardo A, Tian B, Chen H, Wang S, Ma H, Cai S, Liu D, Zhang D, Li T et al (2019) A deletion mutation in TaHRC confers Fhb1 resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Nat Genet 51:1099–1105. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0425-8
Sun H, Hu J, Song W, Qiu D, Cui L, Wu P, Zhang H, Liu H, Yang L, Qu Y et al (2018) Pm61: a recessive gene for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat landrace Xuxusanyuehuang identified by comparative genomics analysis. Theor Appl Genet 131:2085–2097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3135-1
Tan C, Li G, Cowger C, Carver BF, Xu X (2019) Characterization of Pm63, a powdery mildew resistance gene in Iranian landrace PI628024. Theor Appl Genet 132:1137–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3265-5
Tosa Y, Sakai K (1990) The genetics of resistance of hexaploid wheat to the wheatgrass powdery mildew fungus. Genome 33:225–230. https://doi.org/10.1139/g90-035
Wang Z, Cui Y, Chen Y, Zhang D, Liang Y, Zhang D, Wu Q, Xie J, Ouyang S, Li DF et al (2014) Comparative genetic mapping and genomic region collinearity analysis of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm41. Theor Appl Genet 127:1741–1751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2336-5
Wang H, Yin H, Jiao C, Fang X, Wang G, Li G, Ni F, Li P, Su P, Ge W et al (2020) Sympatric speciation of wild emmer wheat driven by ecology and chromosomal rearrangements. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 117:5955–5963. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920415117
Xie C, Sun Q, Ni Z, Yang T, Nevo E, Fahima T (2004) Identification of resistance gene analogue markers closely linked to wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31. Plant Breed 123:198–200. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00940.x
Xie W, Bendavid R, Zeng B, Distelfeld A, Roder MS, Dinoor A, Fahima T (2012) Identification and characterization of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene PmG3M derived from wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. Theor Appl Genet 124:911–922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1756-8
Xue F, Ji W, Wang C, Zhang H, Yang B (2012) High-density mapping and marker development for the powdery mildew resistance gene PmAS846 derived from wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). Theor Appl Genet 124:1549–1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1809-7
Yin H, Benabu Y, Wang H, Li A, Nevo E (2015) Natural selection causes adaptive genetic resistance in wild emmer wheat against powdery mildew at “Evolution Canyon” microsite, Mt. Carmel, Israel. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122344
Zhang W, Chao S, Manthey FA, Chicaiza O, Brevis JC, Echenique V, Dubcovsky J (2008) QTL analysis of pasta quality using a composite microsatellite and SNP map of durum wheat. Theor Appl Genet 117:1361–1377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0869-1
Zhang L, Hua W, Guan H, Li G, Xie C, Yang Z, Sun Q, Liu Z (2009) Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene MlWE29 in wheat originated from wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). Acta Agron Sin 35:1791–1797. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00998
Zhang H, Guan H, Li J, Zhu J, Xie C, Zhou Y, Duan X, Yang T, Sun Q, Liu Z (2010) Genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene Ml3D232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an NBS-LRR analog in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 121:1613–1621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1414-6
Zhang D, Ouyang S, Wang L, Cui Y, Qiuhong WU, Liang Y, Wang Z, Xie J, Zhang D, Wang Y et al (2015) Comparative genetic mapping revealed powdery mildew resistance gene MlWE4 derived from wild emmer is located in same genomic region of Pm36 and Ml3D232 on chromosome 5BL. J Integr Agric 14:603–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60774-7
Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhu X, Cao Y, Sun Q, Ma GJ, Chao S, Yan C, Xu SS, Cai X (2018) Molecular cytogenetic and genomic analyses reveal new insights into the origin of the wheat B genome. Theor Appl Genet 131:365–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-3007-0
Zhang D, Zhu K, Dong L, Liang Y, Li G, Fang T, Guo G, Wu Q, Xie J, Chen Y et al (2019) Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm64 derived from wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is tightly linked in repulsion with stripe rust resistance gene Yr5. Crop J 7:761–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2019.03.003
Zhu T, Wang L, Rodriguez JC, Deal KR, Avni R, Distelfeld A, Mcguire PE, Dvorak J, Luo M (2019) Improved genome sequence of wild emmer wheat Zavitan with the aid of optical maps. G3-Genes Genom Genet 9:619–624. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.118.200902
Acknowledgements
This study was performed at the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China, and supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0100102-2), the National Key Program on Transgenic Research from the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2016ZX08002003-002, 2016ZX08009-003), a grant from the Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province (2019LZGC016), and the Foundation for High-level Talents of Qingdao Agriculture University (6631119057). Eviatar Nevo thanks the Ancell-Teicher Research Foundation for Genetics and Molecular Biology for financing all studies at Evolution Canyon I.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
LK and HW designed the research; HY, PL, and YY conducted the research; PL, YY, and CB prepared the samples; HY, XF, FN, and YH analyzed the data; HY wrote the draft; LK, HW, AL, XL, XM, XD, and EN made the revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethical standards
I declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described is original, previously unpublished research, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The experiments in this study comply with the current laws of China.
Additional information
Communicated by Beat Keller.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yin, H., Fang, X., Li, P. et al. Genetic mapping of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene in wild emmer wheat from “Evolution Canyon” in Mt. Carmel Israel. Theor Appl Genet 134, 909–921 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03741-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03741-7