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Retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie – pro robotisch

Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy – pro robotic

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Zusammenfassung

Die Indikation zur retroperitonealen Lymphadenektomie (RLA) im klinischen Stadium I des nicht-seminomatösen Hodentumors hat sich in den letzten Jahren geändert. Nur in Ausnahmesituationen soll ein operatives „Staging“ stattfinden. In Diskussion ist die RLA als Therapieoption bei Patienten mit sog. High-risk-Tumoren im klinischen Stadium (CS) I. In dieser Indikation sollte allerdings nur operiert werden, wenn die Operation die alleinige Therapieform bleibt (keine adjuvante Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit tumorpositiven Lymphknoten). In der Situation CS I/pSIIA gibt es jedoch nur wenige Hinweise darauf, dass eine minimal-invasive Technik der RLA gleich gute Ergebnisse zeigt wie die klassisch offene RLA. In der Indikation nach Chemotherapie (Residualtumorresektion) gibt es durchaus Berichte über erfolgreich durchgeführte minimal-invasive Operationen aus spezialisierten laparoskopischen Kliniken. Die Selektion der Patienten muss hierfür sehr streng sein. Gegenüber der klassischen Laparoskopie sind die roboterassistierten Techniken in Bezug auf Sicherheit und Radikalität in den genannten Indikationen grundsätzlich mit Vorteilen versehen. Bei Residualtumorresektionen steht die Kontrolle einer Gefäßläsion im Vordergrund. Die roboterassistierte Methodik sollten Operateure anwenden, die große Gefäßläsionen endoskopisch versorgen können. Nur Patienten mit kleinen Residualtumoren ohne längerstreckigen Gefäßkontakt sind geeignete Kandidaten für eine roboterassistierte Residualtumorresektion (RTR).

Abstract

The indications to perform primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors have changed. An initial surgical staging can be justified only for exceptional situations, such as a pure teratoma. Other indications can be the surgical staging and treatment of high risk patients in elective surgery. In this situation, however, only sparse data are available regarding the oncological and therapeutic effect of a minimally invasive approach compared to open surgery. Data are available on the feasibility of laparoscopically performed post-chemotherapy RPLND; however, patients for this approach must be highly selected. In general, robotic-assisted RPLND potentially offers major advantages in terms of safety and oncological efficiency compared to a classical laparoscopic approach. Especially in post-chemotherapy RPLND, the division of lumbar vessels and the control of great vessel lesions may be facilitated. However, only surgeons who are capable of handling a major vessel lesion endoscopically should consider using a robotic-assisted technique. Only patients with relatively small residual tumors without a major involvement of great vessels can be considered as candidates for robotic-assisted post-chemotherapy RPLND.

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Albers, P. Retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie – pro robotisch. Urologe 51, 687–691 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-012-2888-4

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