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Positronenemissionstomographie in den Neurowissenschaften

Ein integrativer Bestandteil der klinischen Diagnostik und experimentellen Forschung

Positron emission tomography in neuroscience

An integrative part of clinical diagnostic methods and experimental research

  • Freies Thema
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Zusammenfassung

Die Bedeutung der molekularen bildgebenden Techniken zum besseren Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Krankheitszustände steigt. Heutzutage kann die Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) als die Methode der Wahl zum nichtinvasiven Studium der biochemischen und molekularen Prozesse in Mensch und Tier in vivo bezeichnet werden. Aufgrund der rasanten Entwicklung in der Radiochemie und der Tracer-Technologie können verschiedenste endogen exprimierte und exogen eingeführte Gene mittels PET dargestellt werden. Diese Möglichkeiten öffnen das Fenster zum bedeutenden und rasch wachsenden Feld der molekularen Bildgebung, die auf die visuelle Lokalisation biologisch interessanter Prozesse in normalen und pathologischen Zellen in Tiermodellen und beim Menschen hinzielen. Neben der Bedeutung für die Grundlagenforschung ist PET den konventionellen diagnostischen Methoden in mehreren klinischen Indikationen deutlich überlegen. Dies wird illustriert durch die Visualisierung von biologischen und anatomischen Veränderungen, die nicht mittels Computertomographie oder Magnetresonanzstudien dargestellt werden können, bevor erste Symptome auftreten. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit fasst den klinischen Gebrauch der PET im Gebiet der Neurowissenschaften zusammen und versucht die Untersuchung des pathophysiologischen Hintergrunds einer Anzahl an Krankheiten zu beleuchten und—aufgrund der mittels molekularen Bildgebung gewonnenen Erkennntnisse—neue Strategien in der Behandlung dieser Patienten aufzuzeigen.

Abstract

The role of molecular neuroimaging techniques is increasing in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanism of diseases. To date, positron emission tomography is the most powerful tool for the non-invasive study of biochemical and molecular processes in humans and animals in vivo. With the development in radiochemistry and tracer technology, a variety of endogenously expressed and exogenously introduced genes can be analyzed by PET. This opens up the exciting and rapidly field of molecular imaging, aiming at the non-invasive localisation of a biological process of interest in normal and diseased cells in animal models and humans in vivo. Besides its usefulness for basic research positron emission tomography has been proven to be superior to conventional diagnostic methods in several clinical indications. This is illustrated by detection of biological or anatomic changes that cannot be demonstrated by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as even before symptoms are expressed. The present review summarizes the clinical use of positron emission tomography in neuroscience that has helped elucidate the pathophysiology of a number of diseases and has suggested strategies in the treatment of these patients. Special reference is given to the neurovascular, neurodegenerative and neurooncological disease.

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Neurologische Forschung, Köln

    B. Schaller

  2. Department für Neurowissenschaften, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Schweden

    B. Schaller

  3. , Max-Planck-Institut für Neurologische Forschung, Gleueler Str. 50, 50866, Köln, Deutschland

    B. Schaller

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Schaller, B. Positronenemissionstomographie in den Neurowissenschaften. Radiologe 45, 186–196 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-004-1158-x

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