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Vaskuläre Syndrome des Thalamus

Vascular syndromes of the thalamus

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Zusammenfassung

Der Thalamus besteht aus zahlreichen Kerngebieten, die nach funktionellen Gesichtspunkten in 5 Gruppen eingeteilt werden können: (1) Die retikulären und intralaminären Kerngebiete beeinflussen Vigilanz und Schmerzwahrnehmung, (2) die sensorischen Kerngebiete verarbeiten sensorische Afferenzen, (3) die Effektorkerngebiete nehmen Einfluss auf die Motorik und Sprache, (4) die assoziativen Kerngebiete nehmen an höheren kognitiven Funktionen teil und (5) die limbischen Kerngebiete beeinflussen die Gemütslage und den Antrieb. Die thalamischen Kerngebiete werden im Wesentlichen von 4 Arterien versorgt: der A. paramediana, A. thalamoperforans anterior, A. thalamogeniculata und A. choroidea posterior lateralis. Aufgrund der variablen Ausprägung der jeweiligen Versorgungsgebiete variieren die klinischen Syndrome je nach den betroffenen Kerngebieten. Dieser Artikel stellt die klinischen Bilder vor.

Summary

The thalamus comprises numerous nuclei that can be grouped into five major functional domains: (1) the reticular and intralaminar nuclei influence arousal and nociception, (2) sensory nuclei handle afferent pathways, (3) the effector nuclei are involved in motor function and language, (4) associative nuclei participate in higher cognitive functions and (5) limbic nuclei influence mood and motivation. The thalamic nuclei are mainly supplied by the following four cerebral arteries: paramedian artery, anterior thalamoperforating artery, thalamogeniculate artery and posterior choroidal artery (lateral branches). Occlusions of these arteries affect the thalamic nuclei to varying degrees and produce partly characteristic and partly overlapping deficits. This article describes the clinical pictures.

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  1. Klinik für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Deutschland

    C.H. Nolte, M. Endres & G.J. Jungehülsing

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  1. C.H. Nolte
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  2. M. Endres
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  3. G.J. Jungehülsing
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Correspondence to C.H. Nolte.

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Nolte, C., Endres, M. & Jungehülsing, G. Vaskuläre Syndrome des Thalamus. Nervenarzt 82, 231–241 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3197-z

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