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Sexually dimorphic galls induced on leaflets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae): a rare phenomenon occurring in Diptera (Cecidomyiidae)

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Abstract

In a general way, galling insects can induce only one gall morphotype on the host plant species. However, some taxa of galling insects such as Eriococcidae can induce sexually dimorphic galls on the same host. In the present study, Lopesia mataybae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) induced two gall morphotypes on the leaflets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae), a rare evidence of sexual dimorphism in galls induced by Cecidomyiidae. We investigated the adult emergence of galling insects and the morphological, histological, and histochemical attributes of the gall morphotypes. Both gall morphotypes showed the galling insect in the larval or pupal stage, and the insect adult emergence from different morphotypes was sexually distinct. Galls occupied by females (Globoid) were significantly larger (average height = 4.67 mm. S = 0.43/average width = 4.59 mm. S = 0.70) than galls occupied by males (cylindrical) (average height = 2.95 mm. S = 0.46/average width = 2.34 mm. S = 0.45). Both gall types were composed of elongated cells in the inner cortex and rounded cells in the outer cortex of the vessel-like structure. The globoid galls showed 42 cell layers (14 of them cylindrical, S = 3.86; 28 rounded, S = 5.89) and cylindrical galls showed 29 layers. There were no differences between morphotypes in the histochemical compounds detected. We have shown here significant morphological and histological differences between male and female galls possibly due to the different nutritional requirements of Lopesia mataybae sexes. Therefore, the expression of sexual dimorphism in gall morphotypes may be associated with developmental pathway differentiation between the sexes of L. mataybae.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Carolina A. Garcia and Maria V. Urso-Guimarães, who described the gall-inducing insect of this system, and to Wesley C. Silva for support with some experiments. We thank Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU and Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Interações – LADEVI in particular for the equipment that made possible the elaboration of this work.

Funding

This study was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to the first author, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) granted a fellowship to D.C. Oliveira.

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  1. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, R: Ceará, S/N, Bloco 2D, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP 38400-902, Brazil

    Pedro Henrique Pereira Gonçalves, Uiara Costa Rezende, Phabliny Martins Silva Bomfim & Denis Coelho Oliveira

  2. Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, CEP 20940040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Valéria Cid Maia

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  1. Pedro Henrique Pereira Gonçalves
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Pedro Henrique Pereira Gonçalves collected and analyzed the material, searched the bibliography, and wrote the full text. Uiara Costa Rezende helped collect and analyze the material and write the text. Phabliny Martins Silva Bonfim analyzed the laboratory material and the statistical data. Valéria Cid Maia described the insect’s spatula and the overall features of the developmental stages of L. mataybae. Denis Coelho de Oliveira was responsible for the analysis of the anatomical features and the revision of the text throughout the writing process.

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Gonçalves, P.H.P., Rezende, U.C., Bomfim, P.M.S. et al. Sexually dimorphic galls induced on leaflets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae): a rare phenomenon occurring in Diptera (Cecidomyiidae). Sci Nat 109, 10 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01777-3

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