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Bedeutung der klonalen Hämatopoese für hämatologische Neoplasien

Importance of clonal hematopoiesis for hematologic neoplasms

  • Schwerpunkt: Klonale Hämatopoese
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die klonale Hämatopoese von unbestimmtem Potenzial (CHIP) ist ein relativ neu beschriebenes Phänomen, bei dem mit myeloischen Neoplasien assoziierte somatische Mutationen im peripheren Blut von Personen ohne Anzeichen einer hämatologischen Erkrankung nachweisbar sind. Personen mit CHIP haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko, eine hämatologische Neoplasie zu entwickeln, obwohl die Gesamtrate der Transformation gering ist.

Fragestellung

Wir geben hier einen Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand zu den Ursachen der klonalen Expansion von Blutzellen sowie zu den identifizierbaren Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer hämatologischen Neoplasie.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Die CHIP gilt als prämaligner Zustand und prädisponiert für die Entwicklung einer hämatologischen Neoplasie. Da die Transformationsrate insgesamt niedrig ist, ist die eindeutige Identifizierung und anschließende Überwachung von CHIP-Patienten mit höherem Risiko von größter Bedeutung. In Zukunft könnten prospektive Studien zur Bewertung präventiver therapeutischer Strategien helfen, die Entwicklung von Blutkrebs bei Personen mit CHIP zu verhindern.

Abstract

Background

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a fairly newly described phenomenon characterized by myeloid cancer-associated somatic mutations detectable in the peripheral blood of individuals without evidence of hematologic disease. Individuals with CHIP have a significantly increased risk of developing a hematologic malignancy, although the overall rate of transformation is low.

Objective

We review the current state of knowledge on causes of clonal expansion of blood cells as well as identifiable risk factors for progression to overt hematologic malignancy.

Results and conclusion

CHIP is considered a premalignant state and predisposes to the development of hematologic malignancy. Because the overall rate of transformation is low, clear identification and subsequent monitoring of those CHIP individuals at a higher risk is of paramount importance. In the future, prospective studies evaluating preventive and/or preemptive therapeutic strategies may aid in avoiding progression to blood cancer in individuals with CHIP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    Katharina S. Götze

  2. Innere Medizin II – Hämatologie, Onkologie, klinische Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Claudia Lengerke

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  1. Katharina S. Götze
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  2. Claudia Lengerke
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Correspondence to Katharina S. Götze.

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K.S. Götze und C. Lengerke geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autorinnen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Michael Hallek, Köln

Claudia Lengerke, Tübingen

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Götze, K., Lengerke, C. Bedeutung der klonalen Hämatopoese für hämatologische Neoplasien. Innere Medizin 63, 1107–1114 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-022-01401-0

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