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„Liquid biopsy“ als Schlüsselfigur in der Immunonkologie

Liquid biopsy—a possible key player in immuno-oncology

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A Leserbriefe to this article was published on 22 February 2021

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Therapie mit einem Immuncheckpointinhibitor (ICI) hat, als Monotherapie oder in Kombination mit etablierten Verfahren, die Therapie der Kopf-Hals-Karzinome revolutioniert. Die Verbesserung der Therapien macht aber auch eine Reevaluation und Weiterentwicklung prädiktiver und prognostischer Marker notwendig, denn trotz aller Fortschritte bleibt die Überlebensrate fortgeschrittener und insbesondere der gegen humane Papillomaviren (HPV) negativen Kopf-Hals-Karzinome gering.

Material und Methoden

Eine selektive Literaturrecherche wurde über die Datenbank PubMed bis Ende März 2020 durchgeführt. Die Suche erfolgte zu den Stichworten „cytodiagnostics, circulating tumor cells, liquid biopsy, cfDNA, exosomes“ jeweils in Kombination mit „head and neck cancer“ und/oder „immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy“. Die Auswahl der gewählten Artikel erfolgte nach Relevanz für den vorliegenden Beitrag durch die Autoren.

Ergebnisse

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine Übersicht über den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung dar und zeigt die Chancen der Anwendung im Bereich der Kopf-Hals-Karzinome auf. „Flüssigbiopsie“ oder „liquid biopsy“ bezeichnet im engeren Sinne die Analyse zirkulierender Tumorzellen oder von Tumorerbgut in Körperflüssigkeiten, über deren spezifische Analyse ein personalisierter Zugang zur Behandlung von Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen ermöglicht wird.

Schlussfolgerung

Bis es zur endgültigen klinischen Anwendung kommt, sind noch Daten aus Langzeitstudien und eine Standardisierung der Protokolle zur Isolierung und Auswertung der Marker notwendig.

Abstract

Background

Clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), whether as monotherapy or in combination with established methods, is revolutionizing treatment of head and neck cancer. However, this change in therapeutic concepts requires reevaluation and further development of predictive and prognostic markers, since the survival rates for advanced and particularly human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative disease remain poor.

Materials and methods

A selective literature review was performed in PubMed. Literature found with the keywords “cytodiagnostics, circulating tumor cells, liquid biopsy, cfDNA, exosomes” in combination with “head and neck cancer” and/or “immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy” published until March 2020 was included. The articles were selected for their relevance for the current study by the authors.

Results

This work provides a review of the current literature and indicates possible applications in the field of head and neck cancers. Liquid biopsy refers to the analysis of circulating tumor cells or of tumor genetic material in body fluids. This minimally invasive analysis can support therapeutic decisions and enable a personalized approach to treating head and neck cancer.

Discussion

Before any of these approaches can be established in clinical routine, long-term data and standardization of the methods for isolating and analyzing the markers are needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohren Heilkunde des Klinikums rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    M. Wallesch, M. Wirth &  B. Wollenberg

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  1. M. Wallesch
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Correspondence to B. Wollenberg.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Wallesch, M. Wirth und B. Wollenberg geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Wallesch, M., Wirth, M. & Wollenberg, B. „Liquid biopsy“ als Schlüsselfigur in der Immunonkologie. HNO 68, 899–904 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-020-00951-9

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