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Stammzellen aus Speicheldrüsen

Neue Therapieoption für die postradiogene Xerostomie?

Salivary gland stem cells

Can they restore radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction?

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Zusammenfassung

Stammzellen wird eine gewichtige Rolle im Rahmen von regenerativer Medizin und Tissue-Engineering beigemessen, da sie spezifische Eigenschaften besitzen, die ihre Verwendung bei diesen Verfahren aussichtsreich erscheinen lässt. Je nach Herkunft zählen hierzu die Differenzierungsfähigkeit in unterschiedliche Zelltypen und die Fähigkeit zur langfristigen Proliferation. Stammzellen wurden bislang aus vielen unterschiedlichen Geweben isoliert. Weil sie in vielen Geweben nur selten vorkommen und die Gewebegewinnung Komorbiditäten verursachen kann, besteht ein großes Interesse an der Identifikation und Charakterisierung weiterer Zellquellen für die Gewinnung von Stammzellen.

Daher wurde in den letzten Jahren auch Speicheldrüsengewebe, zunächst bei Tieren, später auch beim Menschen auf die Anwesenheit von Stammzellen untersucht. Der klinische Hintergrund ist die Xerostomie, die sehr häufig nach einer Strahlentherapie, aber auch nach Radiojodtherapie auftritt.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Stammzellen aus Speicheldrüsen gegeben und diskutiert, welche Rolle Stammzellen im Rahmen der Erforschung neuer Therapieoptionen für Erkrankungen wie die postradiogene Xerostomie haben werden.

Abstract

Adult stem cells are actively investigated in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, as they exhibit specific characteristics that make them promising candidates for cellular therapies. Depending on their tissue of origin these characteristics include long-term proliferation and the capacity to differentiate into various cell types. To date adult stem cells have been isolated from a multitude of tissues. Non-embryogenic adult tissues contain only small numbers of such stem cells and the derivation of such tissues can cause comorbidities. Therefore, there is ongoing interest in the identification and characterisation of novel cell sources for stem cell isolation and characterisation.

Recently, salivary gland tissue has also been explored as a possible source of stem cells, first in animals and later in humans. Such salivary gland-derived stem cells might be useful in the treatment of radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction, and possibly also in other diseases with loss of acinar cells, such as sequelae of radio iodine treatment or Sjögren’s disease.

In this paper we review the current status of salivary gland stem cell biology and application and discuss the possible role of stem cells in the development of novel therapies for salivary gland dysfunctions such as postradiogenic xerostomia.

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Danksagung

Die Untersuchungen wurden durch die Novartis-Stiftung für Therapeutische Forschung und durch die German Israel Foundation unterstützt.

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland

    N. Rotter & S. Schwarz

  2. Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland

    M. Jakob, S. Brandau & S. Lang

  3. Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland

    M. Jakob

  4. Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland

    B. Wollenberg

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  1. N. Rotter
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  2. S. Schwarz
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  3. M. Jakob
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  4. S. Brandau
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  6. S. Lang
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Correspondence to N. Rotter.

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Rotter, N., Schwarz, S., Jakob, M. et al. Stammzellen aus Speicheldrüsen. HNO 58, 556–563 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-010-2111-0

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