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Die Situation seltener Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland

The situation of rare skin diseases in Germany

  • Leitthema: Seltene Krankheiten, Teil 1
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

In Deutschland gilt eine Krankheit als selten, wenn die Prävalenz weniger als 5:10.000 beträgt. Für genetisch bedingte Hautkrankheiten gilt allerdings, dass sie auch sehr viel seltener sind und Prävalenzen im Bereich von 1:100.000 aufweisen. Für solche Hautkrankheiten bestehen erhebliche Defizite in der Diagnostik und Therapie. Getrieben von der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung seltener Hautkrankheiten und profitierend von einer Anschubfördermaßnahme des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), haben sich innerhalb der Dermatologie Netzwerke für die Krankheitsgruppen (a) Epidermolysis bullosa, (b) Ichthyosen und verwandte Verhornungsstörungen und (c) Systemische Sklerodermie gebildet. Diese 3 Netzwerke haben wissenschaftlich sehr erfolgreich gearbeitet und sich de facto gleichzeitig zu nationalen Referenzzentren für die entsprechenden Krankheiten entwickelt, obwohl in Deutschland ein offiziell anerkanntes Verfahren zum Erwerb einer Bezeichnung "Nationales Referenzzentrum für eine seltene Krankheit" fehlt. Somit hat die Anschubförderung des BMBF die klinische Versorgung für diese 3 seltenen Hautkrankheiten deutlich verbessert. Es besteht aber die Gefahr, dass die sich inzwischen herausgebildeten Strukturen, gerade im Bereich der klinischen Versorgung, nicht verstetigt werden können. Im Gegensatz zu europäischen Nachbarn wie Frankreich fehlt in Deutschland – wohl bedingt durch die föderale Struktur unseres Landes – für seltene Krankheiten ein nationaler Versorgungsplan. Hingegen wird in Frankreich die Versorgungssituation durch Zuweisung zusätzlicher Finanzmittel und durch ein Verfahren zur Anerkennung als "Nationales Referenzzentrum" neu und dauerhaft strukturiert. Ein ähnlicher Weg ist in Deutschland sicherlich auch erforderlich.

Abstract

In Germany a disease is considered to be "rare" when its prevalence is less than 5:10,000. However, as far as genetic skin diseases are concerned, they are often much more uncommon with a prevalence in the range of 1:100,000. Currently considerable deficits prevail in both diagnosis and treatment of rare skin diseases. Driven by scientific research on rare skin diseases and benefiting from start-up grants of the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the following networks for rare skin diseases were formed: a) epidermolysis bullosa, b) ichthyosis and related keratinisation disorbarn ders, c) systemic scleroderma. From a scientific point of view these networks are very successful, they publish in high impact journals and at the same time developed into national centres of reference for the respective disease groups, although formally this status does not exist in Germany. Thus, the 5 year start-up grants considerably improved the clinical care for these three skin disease groups. However, now we are confronted with the threat that the newly formed structures will be difficult to maintain, due to lack of adequate financing. In contrast to France, Germany does not have a "national plan for rare diseases" – probably because the federal structure in Germany is difficult to reconcile with "national plans". In France the situation of clinical care for rare diseases is permanently restructured by the establishment of official national reference centres and by allocation of additional financial means to fulfill these national tasks. In our view, a similar approach is also necessary in Germany.

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Correspondence to Leena Bruckner-Tuderman.

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Bruckner-Tuderman, L., Traupe, H. & Krieg, T. Die Situation seltener Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 50, 1541–1547 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-007-0389-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-007-0389-1

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