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ESC-Leitlinie 2022 zum kardiovaskulären Assessment und Management von Patienten, die sich einer nichtkardiologischen Operation unterziehen

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ESC guidelines 2022 on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Im August 2022 wurden die neuen Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zur kardiovaskulären Abklärung und zum Management von Patienten mit nichtkardialen Eingriffen veröffentlicht. Im Zuge der Erstellung des neuen Dokuments wurden die zuletzt 2014 veröffentlichten Leitlinien zu diesem Thema komplett überarbeitet und die Handlungsempfehlungen angepasst bzw. erneuert. Darüber hinaus wurden die Leitlinien um einige neue Kapitel ergänzt. Hieraus ergeben sich wesentliche Änderungen für die klinische Praxis. Dies betrifft insbesondere die präoperative Risikostratifizierung, das perioperative Risikomanagement sowie die Erkennung und die Verfahrensweisen im Falle peri- und postoperativer Komplikationen. Kardiovaskulären Biomarkern wird sowohl in der präoperativen Risikostratifizierung als auch in der Erkennung postoperativer Komplikationen in Kombination mit entsprechenden Handlungsalgorithmen eine besondere Rolle zugeschrieben. Das perioperative Management antithrombotischer Therapie (Antikoagulation oder Plättchenfunktionshemmer) erfährt eine zunehmende Individualisierung abhängig von Ischämie- bzw. Blutungsrisiko des geplanten Eingriffs. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die frühe Erkennung peri- bzw. postoperativer Myokardinfarkte, basierend auf einem standardisierten Schema zur Bestimmung von hs(„high-sensitive“)-Troponin gelegt, nicht zuletzt wegen des hohen damit einhergehenden Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisikos. Bei Patienten mit komplexen kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, wie schwerer koronarer Herzkrankheit, mit Klappenvitien oder bei Trägern ventrikulärer Unterstützungssysteme wird die Entscheidung im interdisziplinären Team empfohlen.

Abstract

The new European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery were published in August 2022. In the preparation of the new document the previous guidelines published in 2014 were completely revised and the recommendations for action were adapted or renewed. Furthermore, the guidelines have been supplemented with some new chapters. The new and revised recommendations result in significant changes for the clinical practice. This particularly applies to the preoperative risk stratification, the perioperative risk management and the detection and management approaches in cases of perioperative and postoperative complications. Cardiovascular biomarkers play a special role in both the preoperative risk stratification and the detection of postoperative complications in combination with appropriate algorithms for action. The perioperative management of antithrombotic treatment (antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulation) is becoming increasingly individualized depending on the risk of ischemia or bleeding of the planned surgery. Particular attention is paid to the early detection of perioperative or postoperative myocardial infarctions based on determination of high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin, not least because its association with high risk of morbidity and mortality. In patients with complex cardiovascular diseases, such as severe coronary artery disease, valvular heart diseases or those with ventricular support systems, the decision in an interdisciplinary team is highly recommended.

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Correspondence to Julinda Mehilli.

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Interessenkonflikt

J. Mehilli erhielt Vortragshonorare von Biotronik, SIS Medical AG, Bayer Vital GmbH, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca sowie institutionelle Studienförderung von Boston Scientific. M. Winhard gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Mehilli, J., Winhard, M. ESC-Leitlinie 2022 zum kardiovaskulären Assessment und Management von Patienten, die sich einer nichtkardiologischen Operation unterziehen. Herz 48, 31–38 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-022-05150-6

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