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Does the decision to extract influence the development of gingival recessions?

A retrospective long-term evaluation

Beeinflusst der Extraktionsentscheid die Entwicklung von gingivalen Rezessionen?

Eine retrospektive Langzeitbeobachtung

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

Mandibular anterior crowding can be treated by expanding the dental arch or by extracting teeth, usually premolars. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes of extraction versus non-extraction therapies in terms of gingival recession.

Methods

Fifty consecutive patients were selected, including 26 non-extraction and 24 extraction cases. All had been treated with fixed appliances because of well-defined comparable moderate crowding and Angle Class I malocclusion. Patient age was documented before treatment, upon debonding, and during retention, thus, allowing the calculation of the duration of active treatment and retention. The records available for these three points in time included casts and cephalograms. The casts were used to quantify mandibular anterior crowding and the associated clinical crown lengths. Based on the cephalograms, a number of symphyseal variables were measured. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple regressions.

Results

For accurate comparison of the extraction and non-extraction treatment groups, we required and verified that no significant intergroup differences were present with regard to initial crowding, duration of retention, and age at final record-taking. Both groups revealed increases in crown length, which fell short of statistical significance but were twice as large for canines than for incisors. The treatment decisions to extract premolars did result in significantly different topographic positions of the lower incisors, but they made no difference in the recession outcomes. None of the variables in our regression analysis was found to predict gingival recession.

Conclusion

Findings of gingival recession in patients having undergone orthodontic treatment do not seem to be related to extraction/non-extraction treatment decisions.

Zusammenfassung

Studienziel

Engstand in der Unterkieferfront kann entweder durch die Vergrößerung des Zahnbogens (non-Ex) oder durch die Extraktion von Zähnen, in aller Regel Prämolaren (Ex), therapiert werden. Studienziel war die Evaluation der Langzeitfolgen des Therapieentscheides, Ex oder non-Ex, auf die Rezessionsentwicklung.

Methode

Untersucht wurden 50 konsekutive Patienten, die mit festsitzender Apparatur behandelt wurden, einen streng normierten moderaten Engstand im Anfangsbefund sowie eine Angle-Klasse I vorwiesen (26 non-Ex, 24 Ex). Das Patientenalter wurde zu Beginn und am Ende der aktiven Behandlung sowie in Retention festgehalten, um Therapiedauer und beobachtete Retentionszeit zu errechnen. An Gipsmodellen wurden die Platzbilanz erstellt und die klinische Kronenlänge der Front- und Eckzähne gemessen. Anhand einer Fernröntgenanalyse wurden verschiedene symphyseale Variablen berechnet. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit deskriptiver Statistik, Korrelationen und multiplen Regressionsanalysen.

Resultate

Die Vergleichbarkeit von Non-Ex- und Ex-Gruppe konnte gewährleistet werden, denn Unterkiefer-Zahnbogenengstand vor der Therapie, die Retentionsüberwachungszeit sowie das Alter der Patienten in Retention unterschieden sich nicht signifikant. Die Kronenlängen nahmen in beiden Gruppen von Anfang bis zur Retention im nichtsignifikanten Bereich zu, und zwar doppelt so viel bei den Eckzähnen wie bei den Frontzähnen. Der Therapieentscheid war mit der Rezessionsentwicklung nicht assoziiert, obwohl die topographische Lage der Unterkieferfront durch den Extraktionsentscheid stark beeinflusst wurde. Keine der Variablen in der verwendeten Regressionsanalyse erwies sich als Prädiktor für eine gingivale Rezession.

Schlussfolgerung

Die beobachtete Rezessionstendenz nach kieferorthopädischer Behandlung scheint nicht mit dem Therapieentscheid (Ex/non-Ex) vergesellschaftet zu sein.

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Compliance with ethical guidelines

Conflict of interest. Nicolas M. Villard and Raphael Patcas state that there are no conflicts of interest.

The accompanying manuscript does not include studies on humans or animals.

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. Nicolas M. Villard und Raphael Patcas geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Villard, N., Patcas, R. Does the decision to extract influence the development of gingival recessions?. J Orofac Orthop 76, 476–492 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-015-0308-2

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