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Prähabilitation in der kolorektalen Chirurgie– sinnhaft oder Lifestyle?

Prehabilitation in colorectal surgery—Meaningful or lifestyle?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
coloproctology Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Prähabilitation ist eine wirksame Maßnahme, um durch präoperative Verbesserungen modifizierbarer Faktoren für unsere Patienten ein besseres postoperatives Ergebnis zu erreichen. Die Phase der neoadjuvanten Behandlung oder 4 Wochen vor dem Operationszeitpunkt können dazu optimal genutzt werden. Mit einem gut ausgewählten Risikoscreening durch validierte Instrumente, wie beispielsweise den RAI-Score, das Nutritional-Risk-Screening und 6‑Minuten-Gehtest, können Patienten evaluiert und monitoriert werden. Ein individuelles Programm aus Ernährungsunterstützung wie proteinreicher Ernährung, Entwöhnung von Rauchen und Alkohol, Patient-Blood-Management, spezifischem Ausdauertraining und mentalen Trainingstechniken ist dabei zielführend und wissenschaftlich insbesondere bei Patienten vor kolorektaler Chirurgie durch gute und aktuelle randomisierte kontrollierte Studien belegt. Kostenersparnisse sowie eine Reduktion der Morbidität und Mortalität um 30–50 % sind erwiesen. Die Datenlage insgesamt ist aber noch heterogen, insbesondere in Bezug auf signifikante Ergebnisse und Patienteneinschlusskriterien. Vergütung sowie digitale Anwendungen der Prähabilitation sind weitere aktuelle Themen, die diskutiert werden.

Abstract

Prehabilitation is an effective measure to achieve a better postoperative outcome in patients through a preoperative improvement in modifiable factors. The phase of neoadjuvant treatment or the 4 weeks prior to the time of surgery can be optimally used for this purpose. Using a well-selected risk screening with validated instruments, such as the risk analysis index (RAI) score, the nutritional risk screening and the 6‑minute walking test, patients can be evaluated and monitored. An individualized program made up of nutritional support, such as a protein-rich diet, cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption, patient blood management, specific endurance training and mental training techniques, is effective especially for patients undergoing colorectal surgery and has been scientifically confirmed by current randomized controlled studies. Reductions in costs, morbidity and mortality rates by 30–50% have been proven; however, the data situation is still heterogeneous especially in terms of significant results and patient inclusion criteria. Remuneration as well as digital applications for prehabilitation are current topics that are discussed.

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Correspondence to Svenja Sliwinski.

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S. Sliwinski und A. Schnitzbauer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Sliwinski, S., Schnitzbauer, A. Prähabilitation in der kolorektalen Chirurgie– sinnhaft oder Lifestyle?. coloproctology 45, 353–357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00053-023-00741-1

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