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Endoskopisches Management von Kolonpolypen

Welche Technik für wen?

Endoscopic management of colon polyps

Which technique for who?

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coloproctology Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Kolorektale Polypen stellen im Rahmen der „Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz“ eine Vorstufe des kolorektalen Karzinoms dar. Sogenannte De-novo-Karzinome, die aus flachen Läsionen v. a. im rechten Hemikolon entstehen, stellen eventuell eine weitere seltene Ursache der Kolonkarzinomentstehung dar. Die Vorsorgemaßnahmen mit modernsten technischen Endoskopieverfahren und der endoskopischen Polypektomie sowie die gesellschaftliche Förderung einer präventiven Lebensweise haben in den letzten Jahren zu einer Senkung der Prävalenz und Inzidenz des kolorektalen Karzinoms geführt. Der karzinomvorbeugende Charakter der endoskopischen Polypektomie wurde u. a. durch die Daten der deutschen Vorsorgemaßnahmen bewiesen. Das technische Management der bei diesen Vorsorgemaßnahmen entdeckten Polypen hängt von der Lage, der Größe und der Oberflächenform ab. Dabei steht die Sicherheit der Patienten bei diesen minimalinvasiven operativen Verfahren an oberster Stelle. Komplikationen sollten unter allen Umständen vermieden werden und eine sichere vollständige Entfernung des Polypengewebes muss gewährleistet sein. Dafür stehen diverse technische Instrumente zur Verfügung. Letztendlich sind die Expertise und Erfahrung des Untersuchers sowie dessen Kenntnisse des Komplikationsmanagements jedoch die wichtigste Grundvoraussetzung für jede sichere Polypektomie.

Abstract

Colorectal cancer develops from colorectal adenomatous polyps; this theory is called the “adenoma carcinoma sequence”. De novo carcinomas, which arise mainly from flat lesions in the right hemicolon, may represent a further cause of colorectal cancer. Preventive measures with modern endoscopic techniques, endoscopic management of polyps, and a health conscious lifestyle has reduced the prevalence and incidence of colorectal carcinoma in recent years. Endoscopic resection of polyps, which has been proved by several evaluations and analyses, is the most effective procedure to prevent colon cancer. The type of technical endoscopic intervention depends on the location, size, and surface of polyps. The highest priority during these minimally invasive surgical procedures must be the patient’s safety. Complications have to be minimized and complete resection must be guaranteed. Different techniques and instruments are available for this purpose. The expertise and experience of the endoscopist and his/her knowledge of complication management are, however, the most important prerequisite for safe polypectomies.

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Correspondence to V. Weingart.

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Interessenkonflikt

V. Weingart und H.-D. Allescher geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Additional information

Dieser Beitrag ist eine aktualisierte Version der Originalpublikation publiziert in Der Gastroenterologe (2017) 12:180–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-017-0160-6.

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Weingart, V., Allescher, HD. Endoskopisches Management von Kolonpolypen. coloproctology 39, 388–398 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00053-017-0209-5

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