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A Micromechanical-Based Investigation on the Frictional Behaviour of Artificially Bonded Analogue Sedimentary Rock with Calcium Carbonate

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Abstract

The frictional behaviour of geological interfaces has garnered a significant amount of research attention in geophysics and geomechanics with major applications in the characterization of sediments, the analysis of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the study of deep rock mechanics problems. In the present study, we investigated the tribological behaviour of analogue sedimentary rock by performing grain-scale experiments on natural sand particles bonded with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at their contacts. The cementation was achieved by artificially forming calcium carbonate sediments around the contact area of two particles with chemical solutions based on a newly developed laboratory method by the authors. By differentiating the stage of the chemical reaction when the solution was applied to the specimen, two types of artificial bonds were created, named as (i) the gel type and (ii) the precipitation type. The sediment crystals formed from the two bonding types were distinct based on observations from digital microscope and scanning electron microscope images. Quantitative analysis was performed based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the results revealed that the percentage of calcium carbonate formed from the precipitation-type cementation was higher than its counterpart. The grain-scale experiments revealed brittle type of breakage of the bonding from both tension and monotonic shearing tests on the analogue rock specimens. A significant influence of the magnitude of normal load was noticed on the shearing strength of both types of bonded specimens, while the gel type of bonding exhibited higher mechanical strength in either tension or shearing tests.

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Abbreviations

CLBS:

Clean grains of Leighton Buzzard sand

DM:

Digital Microscope

EDS:

Energy-dispersive spectroscopy

F N :

Normal load (or confining load)

F T :

Shear load (or tangential load)

F T/F N :

Normalized shear load

(F T/F N)CP :

Peak normalized shearing load

(F T/F N)CR :

Residual normalized shearing load

(F T/F N)UC :

Normalized shearing load (or coefficient of friction) for uncemented grains

K T :

Tangential stiffness

K T 0 :

Initial tangential stiffness (corresponding to 0.0002 mm of shearing displacement)

(K T 0)C :

Initial tangential stiffness of cemented specimens

(K T 0)UC :

Initial tangential stiffness of uncemented specimens

LBS:

Leighton Buzzard sand

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

δ fracture :

Fracture (shearing) displacement threshold

δ sli p :

Slip (shearing) displacement threshold

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Acknowledgements

The work described in this paper was fully supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, project no. (CityU 11210419), titled "Experimental micromechanical study on the influence of environment-soil and fluid-soil interactions at the grain contact interfaces", and project no. (CityU 11214218), titled "Micromechanical investigation of bonded granular geo-materials".

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Yeung Kin Man Academic Building, City University of Hong Kong, Blue Zone 6/FKowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Jing Ren & Kostas Senetakis

  2. Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

    Huan He

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  1. Jing Ren
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  2. Huan He
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  3. Kostas Senetakis
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Correspondence to Kostas Senetakis.

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Ren, J., He, H. & Senetakis, K. A Micromechanical-Based Investigation on the Frictional Behaviour of Artificially Bonded Analogue Sedimentary Rock with Calcium Carbonate. Pure Appl. Geophys. 178, 4461–4486 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02875-z

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