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Intrinsically disordered features of carbonic anhydrase IX proteoglycan-like domain

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Abstract

hCA IX is a multi-domain protein belonging to the family of hCAs which are ubiquitous zinc enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3− and H+. hCA IX is a tumor-associated enzyme with a limited distribution in normal tissues, but over-expressed in many tumors, and is a promising drug target. Although many studies concerning the CA IX catalytic domain were performed, little is known about the proteoglycan-like (PG-like) domain of hCA IX which has been poorly investigated so far. Here we attempt to fill this gap by providing an overview on the functional, structural and therapeutic studies of the PG-like domain of hCA IX which represents a unique feature within the CA family. The main studies and recent advances concerning PG role in modulating hCA IX catalytic activity as well as in tumor spreading and migration are here reported. Special attention has been paid to the newly discovered disordered features of the PG domain which open new perspectives about its molecular mechanisms of action under physiological and pathological conditions, since disorder is likely involved in mediating interactions with partner proteins. The emerged disordered features of PG domain will be explored for putative diagnostic and therapeutic applications involving CA IX targeting in tumors.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the PGR00963 financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

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This work was partially supported by the PGR00963 financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

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  1. Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy

    Emma Langella, Martina Buonanno, Giuseppina De Simone & Simona Maria Monti

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  1. Emma Langella
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EL, MB, and SMM conceived and wrote the manuscript; EL and SMM prepared the figures. GDS conceived and participated in revision of the paper. All authors commented on the manuscript.

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Langella, E., Buonanno, M., De Simone, G. et al. Intrinsically disordered features of carbonic anhydrase IX proteoglycan-like domain. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 78, 2059–2067 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03697-3

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