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Joining S100 proteins and migration: for better or for worse, in sickness and in health

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Abstract

The vast diversity of S100 proteins has demonstrated a multitude of biological correlations with cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival in numerous physiological and pathological conditions in all cells of the body. This review summarises some of the reported regulatory functions of S100 proteins (namely S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8/S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100B and S100P) on cellular migration and invasion, established in both culture and animal model systems and the possible mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible. These mechanisms involve intracellular events and components of the cytoskeletal organisation (actin/myosin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) as well as extracellular signalling at different cell surface receptors (RAGE and integrins). Finally, we shall attempt to demonstrate how aberrant expression of the S100 proteins may lead to pathological events and human disorders and furthermore provide a rationale to possibly explain why the expression of some of the S100 proteins (mainly S100A4 and S100P) has led to conflicting results on motility, depending on the cells used.

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Abbreviations

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

F-actin:

Filamentous actin

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

G-actin:

Globular actin

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

IL:

Interleukin

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinases

NM:

Non muscle myosin

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil

RAGE:

Receptor for advanced glycation end product

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

shRNA:

Short hairpin RNA

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

VEFG:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to apologise for the numerous studies, which have significantly improved our understanding of the role of S100 proteins in motility/migration, but could not be included in this work owing to journal limits on the number of references.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK

    Stephane R. Gross & Connie Goh Then Sin

  2. Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK

    Roger Barraclough & Philip S. Rudland

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  1. Stephane R. Gross
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  2. Connie Goh Then Sin
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  3. Roger Barraclough
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  4. Philip S. Rudland
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Correspondence to Stephane R. Gross or Philip S. Rudland.

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Gross, S.R., Sin, C.G.T., Barraclough, R. et al. Joining S100 proteins and migration: for better or for worse, in sickness and in health. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 1551–1579 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1400-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1400-7

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