Abstract
In order to evaluate the modulatory effects of manganese, high fat diet fed and alloxan diabetic rats were taken and the changes in the glucose oxidation, glycerol release and effects of manganese on these parameters were measured from adipose tissue. An insulin-mimetic effect of manganese was observed in the adipose tissue in the controls and an additive effect of insulin and manganese on glucose oxidation was seen when Mn2+ was addedin vitro. The flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis was significantly decreased in high fat fed animals. Although thein vitro addition of Mn2+ was additive with insulin when14CO2 was measured from control animals, it was found neither in young diabetic animals (6–8 weeks old) nor in the old (16 weeks old). Both insulin and manganese caused an increased oxidation of carbon-1 of glucose and an increase of its incorporation into14C-lipids in the young control animals; the additive effect of insulin and manganese suggests separate site of action. This effect was decreased in fat fed animals, diabetic animals and old animals. Manganese alone was found to decrease glycerol in both the control and diabetic adipose tissue inin vitro incubations. The results of the effects of glucose oxidation, lipogenesis, and glycerol release in adipose tissue of control and diabetic animals of different ages are presented together with the effect of manganese on adipose tissue from high fat milk diet fed animals.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- FFA:
-
Free fatty acid
- IPGs:
-
inositol phosphoglycans
- NIDDM:
-
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- PPP:
-
pentose phosphate pathway
References
Ahren B, Simmonson E, Scheurink A J, Mulder H, Myrsen U and Sundler F 1997 Dissociated insulinotropic sensitivity to glucose and carbachol in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice;Metabolism 46 97–106
Arner P 2002 Insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes: role of fatty acid;Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. (Suppl. 2) 18 55–59
Baquer N Z, Hothersall J S, Greenbaum A L and McLean P 1975 The modifying effect of manganese on the enzyme profile of pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver and adipose tissue during development;Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 62 634–641
Baquer N Z, Hothersall J S, Sochor M and McLean P 1982a Bioinorganic regulation of pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism: Effect of iron and manganese on the enzyme profile of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue during development;Enzyme 27 61–68
Baquer N Z, Sochor M, McLean P and Greenbaum A L 1982b Bioinorganic regulation of pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism: The effect of iron deficiency anaemia on the activity of the enzymes involved in lipogenesis in rat tissue during development;Mol. Physiol. 2 315–327
Bell L T and Hurley L S 1973 Ultrastructural effects of manganese deficiency in liver, heart, kidney and pancreas of mice;Lab. Invest 29 732–736
Bergmeyer H U, Bernt E, Schmidt F and Stork H 1974 Glucose determination with hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase; inMethods of enzymatic analysis (ed.) H U Bergmeyer (New York: Verlag Chemie Weinheim and London: Academic Press) vol. 3, pp 1196–1201
Caro H N, Kunjara S, Rademacher T W, Leon Y, Jones D R, Avila M A and Nieto I V 1997 Isolation and partial characterization of insulin-mimetic inositol phosphoglycans from human liver;Biochem. Mole. Med. 61 214–228
Eberhart G P, West D B, Boozer C N and Atkinson R L 1994 Insulin sensitivity of adipocytes from inbred mouse strains resistant or sensitive to diet induced obesity;Am. J. Physiol. 266 R1423-R1428
Eggstein M and Kuhlman E 1974 Triglyceride and glycerol determination after alkaline hydrolysis; inMethods of enzymatic analysis, 2nd edition (ed.) H U Bergmeyer (New York: Verlag Chemie Weinheim and London: Acadmic Press) vol. 4, pp 1825–1831
Ferranini E, Vichi S, Beck-Nielson H, Laakso M, Pailliso G and Smith U 1996 Insulin action and age;Diabetes 45 947–953
Frayn K N 2001 Adipose tissue and the insulin resistance syndrome;Proc. Nutri. Soc. 60 375–380
Goldberg N D and Haddox M K 1977 Cyclic GMP metabolism and involvement in biological regulation;Annu. Rev. Biochem. 46 823–896
Hardman J G and Sutherland E W 1969 Guanyl cyclase, an enzyme catalyzing the formation of guanosine 3′-5′-monophosphate from guanosine triphosphate;J. Biol. Chem. 244 6363–6370
Illiano G, Tell G P E, Siegal M I and Cuatracasas P 1973 Guanosine 3′-5′-cyclic monophosphate and the action of insulin and acetyl choline;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70 2443–2447
Kergoat M and Portha B 1985In vitro hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in rats with NIDDM diabetes induced by streptozotocin: Assessment with the insulin glucose clamp technique;Diabetes 34 1120–1126
Kessler A, Muller G, Weid S, Crecelius A and Eckel J 1998 Signaling pathways of an insulin mimetic phosphoinositol glycan peptide in muscle and adipose tissue;Biochem. J. 330 277–286
Kunjara S, Wang D Y, Greenbaum A L, McLean P, Kurtz A and Rademacher T W 1999 Inositol phosphoglycans in diabetes and obesity: Urinary levels of IPG A-type and IPG P-type, and relationship to pathophysiological changes;Mol. Gen. Metab. 68 488–502
Lagunas R, McLean P and Greenbaum A L 1970 The effect of raising the NAD+ content on the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis in rat liver;Eur. J. Biochem. 15 179–190
Lewis G F, Carpentier A, Adeli K and Giacca A 2002 Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes;Endocrinol. Rev. 23 201–209
Lilly K, Zhang C L, Villar-Palasi C, Larner J and Huang L 1992 Insulin mediators and the control of pyruvate dehydrogenate complex;Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 296 170–174
Loten E G and Sneyd J G 1970 An effect of insulin on adipose tissue adenosine 3′-5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase;Biochem. J. 120 187–193
Manganiello V and Vaughan M 1973 An effect of insulin on cyclic adenosine 3′-5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in fat cells;J. Biol. Chem. 248 7164–7170
Oka T and Perry J W 1974 Arginase affects lactogenesis through its influence on the biosynthesis of spermidine;Nature (London) 250 660–661
Saggerson E D, Sooranna S R and Evans C J 1976 Insulin like actions of Nickel and other transition metals in rat fat cells;Biochem. J. 154 349–357
Sochor M, Baquer N Z and McLean P 1985 Glucose over and underutilization in diabetes: Comparative studies on the changes in the activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism in rat kidney and liver;Mol. Physiol. 7 51–68
Storlien L H, Jenkins A B, Chisholm D J, Pascoe W S, Khousi S and Kraegen E W 1991 Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats: Relationship to muscle triglyceride and omega-3-fatty acids in muscle phospholipids;Diabetes 40 280–289
Subasinghe S, Greenbaum A L and McLean P 1985 The insulin mimetic action of Mn2+: Involvement of cyclic nucleotide and insulin in the regulation of hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase;Biochem. Med. 34 83–92
Suzuki S, Toyota T, Tamura S, Kikuchi K, Tsuiki S, Huang L, Villar-palasi C, Larner J and Goto Y 1987 ATP-Mn2+ stimulates the generation of a putative mediator of insulin action;J. Biol. Chem. 262 3199–3204
Tan M H 2000 Current treatment of insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes mellitus;Int. J. Clin. Pract. (Suppl.) 113 54–64
Thompson W J, Little S A and Williams R H 1973 Effect of insulin and growth hormone on rat liver cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase;Biochemistry 12 1889–1894
Wimhurst J M and Manchester K L 1972 Comparison of the ability of Mg2+ and Mn2+ to activate the key enzymes of glycolysis;FEBS Lett. 27 321–326
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baquer, N.Z., Sinclair, M., Kunjara, S. et al. Regulation of glucose utilization and lipogenesis in adipose tissue of diabetic and fat fed animals: Effects of insulin and manganese. J Biosci 28, 215–221 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02706221
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02706221