Summary
Gallium chloride in solution at concentrations of 10–100 μM inhibits the seeded growth of hydroxyapatite from metastable calcium phosphate solutions. Using initial rate data, an effective rate constant for the process of crystal growth can be derived; this rate constant varies with gallium concentration in a log-dose/response fashion. The disappearance of gallium occurs disproportionately fast in the early stages of the experiments. This suggests that gallium acts by adsorbing to the crystal surface where it inhibits crystal growth.
References
Warrell RP, Selkos A, Alcock NW, Bockman RS (1986) Gallium nitrate for acute treatment of hypercalcemia: clinicopharmacological and dose-response analysis. J Cancer Res 46:4208–4212
Warrell RP, Alcock NW, Bockman RS (1987) Gallium nitrate inhibits accelerated bone turnover in patients with bone metastases. J Clin Oncol 5:292–298
Bockman RS, Boskey AL, Blumenthal NC, Alcock NW, Warrell RP (1987) Gallium increases bone calcium and crystalline perfection of hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Int 39:376–381
Christoffersen J, Christoffersen MR, Larsen R, Rostrup E, Tingsgaard P, Andersen O, Grandjen P (1988) Interaction of cadmium ions with calcium hydroxyapatite crystals—a possible mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of cadmium-induced bone disease. Calcif Tissue Int 42:331–340
Hodsman AB, Sheirard DJ, Alfrey AC, Ott S, Brickman AS, Miller NL, Maloney NA, Coburn JW (1982) Bone aluminum and histomorphometric features of renal osteodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54:539–546
Blumenthal NC, Posner AS (1984) In vitro model of aluminum-induced osteomalacia: inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation and growth. Calcif Tissue Int 36:439–441
Chen CC, Boskey AL, Rosenberg LC (1984) The inhibitory effects of cartilage proteoglycans on hydroxyapatite growth. Calcif Tissue Int 36:285–290
Posner AS, Betts F, Blumenthal NC (1979) Bone mineral composition and structure. In: Simmons D, Kunin A (eds) Skeletal research. Academic Press, New York, pp 167–192
Willis JB (1960) The determination of metals in blood serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Calcium Spectrochim Acta 16:259–272
Heinonen JK, Lahti RJ (1981) A new and convenient colorimetric determination of inorganic orthophosphate and its application to the assay of inorganic pyrophosphatase. Anal Biochem 113:313–317
Kelsen DP, Alcock NW, Yeh S, Brown J, Young CW (1980) Pharmacokinetics of gallium nitrate in man. Cancer 46:2009–2013
Boskey AL, Posner AS (1976) Formation of hydroxyapatite at low supersaturation. J Phys Chem 80:40–45
Mundy GR (1985) Pathogenesis of hypercalcemia of malignancy. Clin Endocrinol 23:705–717
Bockman RS, Repo MA, Warrell RP, Israel R, Gabrilove J (1987) Gallium nitrate inhibits bone resorption induced by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 28:449
Christoffersen MR, Christoffersen J (1985) The effect of aluminum on the rate of dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite: a contribution to the understanding of aluminum-induced disease. Calcif Tissue Int 37:673–676
Repo MA, Bockman RS, Betts F, Boskey AL, Alcock NW, Warrell RP (1988) Effect of gallium on bone mineral properties. Calcif Tissue Int 43:300–306
Posner AS, Betts F (1981) Molecular control of tissue mineralization. In: Veis A (ed) The chemistry and biology of mineralized connective tissues. Elsevier North Holland Inc, New York, pp 257–266
Meyer JL, Thomas WC (1982) Trace metal-critic acid complexes as inhibitors of calcification and crystal growth. J Urol 128:1372–1375
Fleisch H, Bonjour JP, Morgan DB, Reynolds JJ, Schenk R, Smith R, Russell RGG (1972) Diphosphonates. In: Taylor S (ed) Endocrinology 1971. W. Heinemann Medical Books, London, pp 430–443
Christoffersen J, Christoffersen MR (1981) Kinetics of dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite. IV. The effect of some biologically important inhibitors. J Crystal Growth 53:42
Jung A, Bisaz S, Fleisch H (1973) The binding of pyrophosphate and two diphosphonates on hydroxyapatite crystals. Calcif Tissue Int 11:269–280
Garside J (1982) Nucleation. In: Nancollas GH (ed) Biological mineralization and demineralization. Springer Verlag, New York, pp 23–25
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Donnelly, R., Boskey, A. The effect of gallium on seeded hydroxyapatite growth. Calcif Tissue Int 44, 138–142 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556473
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556473