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Fixation de l'azote atmosphérique et assimilation du nitrate chez le fenugrec (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) cultivé au champ

Nitrogen fixation and nitrate assimilation in field-grown fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)

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Résumé

L'activité nitrogénase (réduction de l'acétylènein situ) et l'activité nitrate réductasein vivo ont été déterminées au cours du cycle végétatif du fenugrec (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) cultivé au champ. L'activité réductrice d'acétylène par g de matière sèche de nodosités et l'activité nitrate réductase par g de matière fraîche présentent un maximum en hiver quand les températures sont très faibles; à cette période ces activités exprimées par plante seraient principalement limitées par la croissance de la plante qui est alors minimale. Ensuite les 2 activités enzymatiques par plante augmentent parallèlement pendant la floraison et la plante peut ainsi bénéficier simultanément des 2 sources d'azote avec des taux d'activité importants. L'activité réductrice d'acétylène chute brusquement pendant le remplissage des gousses. Cette activité se révèle assez sensible à certains facteurs externes, en particulier la sécheresse du sol ou de l'air. D'après les mesures des rapports isotopiques naturels de l'azote, le fenugrec a fixé 48% de son azote total au cours de son cycle végétatif.

Summary

The nitrogenase activity (in situ acetylene reduction) andin vivo nitrate reductase activity were investigated in field-grown fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) over the growing season. The acetylene reduction activity per g dry weight of nodules and the nitrate reductase activity per g fresh weight reached a maximum in winter when the temperature is very low; the main limiting factor of total plant activities was the minimal growth rate of the plant during this season. The two enzymatic, activities per plant both increased during the flowering period; the fenugreek could then benefit simultaneously of atmospheric and soil nitrogen with high levels of activity. The acetylene reduction activity decreased rapidly during the pod-filling period. This activity seemed sensitive to environmental factors such as air or soil dryness. The percentage of fixed nitrogen is estimated by measuring the natural isotopic nitrogen ratios: the fenugreek fixed 48% of its total N content during the growing season.

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  1. Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, F-34060, Montpellier cedex, France

    N. Desperrier, J. C. Baccou & Y. Sauvaire

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  1. N. Desperrier
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  3. Y. Sauvaire
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Desperrier, N., Baccou, J.C. & Sauvaire, Y. Fixation de l'azote atmosphérique et assimilation du nitrate chez le fenugrec (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) cultivé au champ. Plant Soil 92, 189–199 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372633

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372633

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