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Haematological observations on helminthiasis caused byHaemonchus contortus in Nigerian Dwarf Sheep

Observations Hematologiques De L'Helminthiase Causee ParHaemonchus Contortus Chez Le Mouton Nain Du Nigeria

Observaciones Hematologicas En Helmintiasis Causadas PorHaemonchus Contortus En Las Ovejas Enanas De Nigeria

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Summary

The haematology of three groups, A, B and C, of unweaned lambs aged 2, 4 to 41/2 and 5 to 61/2 months respectively and their dams exposed to a natural outbreak of helminthiasis predominantly caused byHaemonchus contortus was studied prior to and after treatment with thiabendazole. Lambs of group A showed negative faecal egg counts and had normal red cell values and live weights. Lambs of groups B and C showed signs of severe parasitism including marked stunting and a normocytic normochromic anaemia characterised by low packed cell volumes, low red cell counts and depressed haemoglobin concentrations; these lambs displayed marked individual variability in the effects of the disease, with very significant correlations (P<0·01) between strongyle egg counts and red cell values. Severe anaemia was associated with a high reticulocyte response (2 to 16 per cent). Treatment with thiabendazole was followed by reduction of faecal egg excretion and significantly improved packed cell volumes and red cell counts but not haemoglobin concentration, as measured 2 weeks later.

The ewes were only mildly parasitised, with low faecal egg counts and a mild depression of the red cell indices; these were slightly but significantly elevated following treatment.

These findings are discussed in relation to observations in other parts of the world, to the Nigerian livestock management practices, and to the low haematological status commonly encountered in African livestock.

Résumé

L'hématologie de trois groupes A, B et C d'agneaux non sevrés âgés respectivement de 2, 4–41/2, 5–61/2 mois et de leur mère, exposés à l'infestation naturelle causée surtout parHaemonchus contortus a été étudiée avant et après traitement au thiabendazole. Les agneaux du groupe A ont montré un décompte nul d'oeufs fécaux, ont eu une formule hématique normale et des poids vifs normaux.

Ceux des groupes B et C ont montré les signes d'un parasitisme sévère avec un net arrêt dans leur croissance et une anémie normocytaire et normochromique caractérisée par un culot cellulaire très réduit. Un faible nombre de globules rouges et des concentrations d'hémoglobine inférieures à la normale; ces agneaux ont eu des réactions individuelles variées à la maladie avec une corrélation très significative (P < 0·01) entre les nombres.

Resumen

Se estudió la hematología de tres grupos A, B y C de corderos sin destetar en edades comprendidas entre 2, 4–41/2 y 5–61/2 meses respectivamente, y la de sus madres, expuestos todos a un brote natural de helmintiasis predominantemente causado por Haemonchus contortus, antes y despues del tratamiento con thiabendazole. Los corderos del grupo A tuvieron conteos de huevos negativos. Los valores de glóbulos rojos fueron normales, así como también el peso de los animales. Los corderos del grupo B y C mostraron síntomas de un parasitismo severo, con retardo en el crecimiento acompañado de anemia normocítica normocrómica caracterizada por un hematocrito bajo, eritropénia y valores hemoglobinémicos bajos; estos corderos mostraron variaciones individuales marcadas durante la enfermedad, con correlaciones significativas (P < 0·01) entre los conteos de huevos de estróngilos y los valores eritrocíticos. La anemia severa estuvo asociada con una respuesta alta de reticulocitos (2 en 16%). El tratamiento con thiabendazole redujo el número de huevos en las materias fecales, mejoró el hematocrito y el nivel de eritrocitos, pero no influenció la concentración de hemoglobina, determinada dos semanas después del tratamiento.

Las ovejas se parasitaron ligeramente, presentando conteos bajos de huevos en las heces e indices eritrocíticos casi normales, los cuales mejoraron significativamente después del tratamiento.

Estos hallazgos se discuten en relación con las observaciones hechas en otras partes del mundo, con las prâcticas de manejo del ganado en Nigeria, y con los valores hematológicos bajos communmente encontrados en el ganado Africano.

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Anosa, V.O. Haematological observations on helminthiasis caused byHaemonchus contortus in Nigerian Dwarf Sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 9, 11–17 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02297382

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