Abstract
We inquired whether a single exposure to amphetamine (AM) or haloperidol (HALO) could modify the plasma corticosterone (CORT) response to a second injection of AM 2 weeks later. Male rats were injected with 4 mg/kgd-AM sulfate and tested for water intake for 5 h before sacrifice. Overall, AM induced water intake but none of the pretreatments altered this effect. By contrast, preexposure to AM, HALO or its vehicle 2 weeks earlier prevented the elevation of plasma CORT obtained when AM was administered without pretreatment. A combined pretreatment of HALO or its vehicle with AM produced an even greater blockade of AM-induced CORT elevation. Manipulations which prevented AM-induced drinking reduced the effectiveness of AM pretreatment in attenuating AM-induced elevation in CORT, suggesting that the pretreatment may have been sensitizing the effectiveness of a coping response — drinking — in reducing the CORT effect. Our findings also indicate that a dopamine agonist (AM), a dopamine antagonist (HALO) and a nonspecific stressor (acidic vehicle) can all induce the same, long-lasting action on CORT. This strongly suggests that the effects of AM and HALO in this instance cannot be explained in terms of their pharmacological actions, which are opposite to one another, but instead relate to their properties as stressful/foreign agents to the organism.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antelman SM (1988a) Time-dependent sensitization as the cornerstone for a new approach to pharmacotherapy: drugs as foreign/stressful stimuli. Drug Dev Res 14:1–30
Antelman SM (1988b) Is it possible that drugs have been given the wrong way for centuries? In: Sen AK, Lee T (eds) Receptors and ligands in psychiatry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 484–503
Antelman SM, Caggiula AR (1991) The effects of acute stressors and drugs grow with the passage of time. In: Oliviero A, Puglisi-Allegra S (eds) Psychobiology of stress. Kluwer, Dordrecht pp 161–170
Antelman SM, Chiodo LA (1983) Amphetamine as a stressor. In: Creese I (ed) Stimulants: neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical perspectives. Raven Press, New York, pp 269–299
Antelman SM, Eichler AJ (1979) Persistent effects of stress on dopamine-related behaviors; clinical implications. In: Usdin E, Kopin IJ, Barchas J (eds) Catecholamines: basic and clinical frontiers. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 1759–1761
Antelman SM, Eichler AJ, Black CA, Kocan D (1980) Interchangeability of stress and Amphetamine in sensitization. Science 207:329–331
Antelman SM, Kocan D, Edwards DJ, Knopf S, Perel JM, Stiller R (1986) Behavioral effects of a single neuroleptic treatment grow with the passage of time. Brain Res 385:58–67
Antelman SM, Knopf S, Kocan D, Edwards DJ, Ritchie JC, Nemeroff CB (1988) One stressful event blocks multiple actions of diazepam for up to at least a month. Brain Res 445:380–385
Antelman SM, Kocan D, Edwards DJ, Knopf S (1989) Anticonvulsant and other effects of diazepam grow with time after a single treatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 33:31–39
Antelman SM, Caggiula AR, Knopf S, Edwards DJ, Barry H, III (1991a) Exposing rats to a single brief stressor two weeks earlier modifies the response of plasma ACTH and glucose to ethanol (ETOH). Neurosci Abstr 17:1250
Antelman SM, Caggiula AR, Kocan D, Knopf S, Meyer D, Edwards DJ, Barry H III (1991b) One experience with “lower” or “higher” intensity stressors, respectively enhances on diminishes responsiveness to haloperidol weeks later: implications for understanding drug variability. Brain Res (in press)
Braff DL, Geyer MA (1990) Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia: human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:181–188
Browne RG, Segal DS (1977) Metabolic and experiential factors in the behavioral response to repeated amphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 6:545–552
Caggiula AR, Antelman SM, Aul E, Knopf S, Edwards DJ (1989) Prior stress attenuates the analgesic response but sensitizes the corticosterone and cortical dopamine responses to stress 10 days later. Psychopharmacology 99:233–237
Caggiula AR, Epstein LH, Antelman SM, Knopf S, Saylor S, Perkins KA (1991) Corticosterone accelerates the development of tolerance to nicotine-induced analgesia in rats. Neuroscience Abstr 17:1250
Chiodo LA, Antelman SM (1980a) Electroconvulsive shock: progressive dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity independent of repeated treatment. Science 210:799–801
Chiodo LA, Antelman SM (1980b) Repeated tricyclics induce a progressive dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity independent of daily drug treatment. Nature 287:451–454
Dallman MF, Jones MT (1973) Corticosteroid feedback control on ACTH secretion: effect of stress-induced corticosterone secretion on subsequent stress responses in the rat. Endocrinology 92:1367–1375
DeSouza EB, Van Loon GR (1982) Stress-induced inhibition of the plasma corticosterone response to a subsequent stress in rats: a nonadrenocorticotropin-mediated mechanism. Endocrinology 110:23–33
Herman P, Stinus L, LeMoal M (1984) Repeated stress increases locomotor response to amphetamine. Psychopharmacology 84:431–435
Heybach JP, Vernikos-Danellis J (1979) Inhibition of adrenocorticotrophin secretion during deprivation-induced eating and drinking in rats. Neuroendocrinology 28:329–338
Jones GH, Mittleman Y, Robbins TW (1989) Attenuation of amphetamine-stereotypy by mesostriatal dopamine depletion enhances plasma corticosterone: implications for stereotypy as a coping response. Behav Neural Biol 51:80–91
Kalivas PW, Duffy P (1989) Similar effects of daily cocaine and stress on mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission in the rat. Biol Psychiatry 25:913–928
Keller-Wood ME, Dallman MF (1984) Corticosteroid inhibition of ACTH secretion. Endocrine Rev 5:1–24
Koolhass JM (1990) Social stress and individual behavioural and physiological functioning. 10th Eur Winter Conference on Brain Research
Kuczenski R, Segal DS (1988) Psychomotor stimulant-induced sensitization: Behavioral and neurochemical correlates. In: Kalivas PW, Barnes CD (eds) Sensitization in the nervous system. Telford Press, Caldwell, NJ, pp 175–205
Knigge KM, Penrod CH, Schindler WJ (1959) In vitro and in vivo adrenal corticosteroid secretion following stress. Am J Physiol 196:579–582
LaHoste GJ, Mormede P, Rivet JM, LeMoal M (1988) Differential sensitization to amphetamine and stress responsivity as a function of inherent laterality. Brain Res 453:381–384
Levine S (1985) A definition of stress? In: Moberg GP (ed) Animal stress. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD, pp 51–69
MacLennan AJ, Maier SF (1983) Coping and stress-induced potentiation of stimulant stereotypy in the rat. Science 219:1091–1093
Mailhe C, Koch B, Briaud B, Bucher B (1973) Mechanismes de “feedback” corticosterone-ACTH et mode d'action des corticosteroides au niveau de l'hypophyse. In: Dell P (ed) Neuroendocrinologie de l'Axe Corticotrope. INSERM, Paris, pp 21–40
Murphy BEP (1967) Some studies on the protein binding of the steroids and their application to the routine micro- and ultramicromeasurement. J Clin Endocrinol 27:973–977
Peris J, Zahniser NR (1987) One injection of cocaine produces a longlasting increase in [3H]-dopamine release. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 27:533–535
Robinson TE (1988) Stimulant drugs and stress: Factors influencing individual differences in the susceptibility to sensitization. In: Kalivas PW, Barnes CD (eds) Sensitization in the nervous system. Telford Press, Caldwell, NJ, pp 145–173
Robinson TE, Becker JB (1986) Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: a review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis. Brain Res Rev 11:157–198
Robinson TE, Becker JB, Presty SK (1982) Long-term faciliation of amphetamine-induced rotational behavior and striatal dopamine release produced by a single exposure to amphetamine: sex differences. Brain Res 253:231–241
Robinson TE, Becker JB, Young EA, Akil H, Castaneda E (1987) The effects of footshock stress on regional brain dopamine metabolism and pituitary B1-endorphin release in rats previously sensitized to amphetamine. Neuropharmacology 26:679–691
Rowland N, Antelman SM, Kocan D (1981) Elevated water intake in rats treated chronically with amphetamine: drinking in excess of need. Appetite 2:51–66
Sakakura M, Sato V, Takebe K, Ishii K (1977) Studies on fast feedback mechanisms by endogenous glucocorticoids. Endocrinology 98:954–957
Segal DS, Janowski DS (1978) Psychostimulant-induced behavioral effects: Possible models of schizophrenia. In: Lipton MA, DiMascio A, Killam K (eds) Psychopharmacology: a generation of progress. Raven Press, New York, pp 1113–1123
Stadler J, Karol MH (1982) Experimental delayed-onset pulmonary sensitivity: identification of re-test reactions in the lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 65:323–328
Yates FE, Urquhart J (1962) Control of plasma concentration of adrenocortical hormones. Physiol Rev 42:359
Yehuda R, Southwick SM, Nussbaum G (1990) Low urinary cortisol excretion in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 178:366–369
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Antelman, S.M., Caggiula, A.R., Knopf, S. et al. Amphetamine or haloperidol 2 weeks earlier antagonized the plasma corticosterone response to amphetamine; evidence for the stressful/foreign nature of drugs. Psychopharmacology 107, 331–336 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245157
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245157