Summary
1. This research was carried out to compareEscherichia coli bacteria with animals in their response tol-aspartate andl-glutamate and their analogues.
2. Various analogues of aspartate and glutamate known to be neurotransmitters at synapses were shown to be attractants forE. coli.
3. The amino acid sequences of the animal receptors and the bacterial receptor, however, have no detectable relationship. Based on the amino acid sequence, evolutionarily the two systems appear not to be related.
References
Adler, J. (1973). A method for measuring chemotaxis and use of the method to determine optimum conditions for chemotaxis byEscherichia coli.J. Gen. Microbiol. 7477–91.
Duggan, A. W. (1974). The differential sensitivity tol-glutamate andl-aspartate of spinal interneurones and Renshaw cells.Exp. Brain Res. 19522–528.
Gasic, G. P., and Hollmann, M. (1992). Molecular neurobiology of glutamate receptors.Annu. Rev. Physiol. 54507–536.
Hazelbauer, G. L., Mesibov, R. E., and Adler, J. (1969).Escherichia coli mutants defective in chemotaxis toward specific chemicals.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 641300–1307.
Hollmann, M., and Heinemann, S. (1994). Cloned glutamate receptors.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1731–108.
Kuryatov, A., Laube, B., Betz, H., and Kuhse, J. (1994). Mutational analysis of the glycine-binding site of the NMDA receptor: Structural similiarity with bacterial amino acid-binding proteins.Neuron 121291–1300.
Lodge, D., and Collingridge, G. L. (eds) (1991).The Pharmacology of Excitatory Amino Acids, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., Elsevier Trends Journals, Cambridge.
Mesibov, R., and Adler, J. (1972). Chemotaxis toward amino acids inEscherichia coli.J. Bacteriol. 112315–326.
Milburn, M. V., Privé, G. G., Milligan, D. L., Scott, W. G., Yeh, J., Jancarik, J., Koshland, D. E., Jr., and Kim, S.-H. (1991). Three-dimensional structures of the ligand-binding domain of the bacterial aspartate receptor with and without a ligand.Science 2541342–1347.
Nakanishi, N., Shneider, N. A., and Axel, R. (1990). A family of glutamate receptor genes: Evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric receptors with distinct channel properties.Neuron 5569–581.
Nakanishi, S. (1992). Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function.Science 258597–603.
O'Hara, P. J., Sheppard, P. O., Thøgersen, H., Venezia, D., Haldeman, B. A., McGrane, V., Houamed, K. M., Thomsen, C., Gilbert, T. L., and Mulvihill, E. R. (1993). The ligand-binding domain in metabotropic glutamate receptors is related to bacterial periplasmic binding proteins.Neuron 1141–52.
Seeburg, P. H. (1993). The molecular biology of mammalian glutamate receptor channels.Trends Neurosci. 16359–365.
Silverman, M., and Simon, M. (1977). Chemotaxis inEscherichia coli: Methylation ofche gene products.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 743317–3321.
Springer, M. S., Goy, M. F., and Adler, J. (1977). Sensory transduction inEscherichia coli: Two complementary pathways of information processing that involve methylated proteins.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 743312–3316.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lake, E.M., Jiang, H., Blattner, F.R. et al. Analogue of aspartate and glutamate active at synapses are attractants forEscherichia coli . Cell Mol Neurobiol 15, 283–288 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02073334
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02073334