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Multifactorial control of sedimentation patterns in an ocean marginal basin: the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) during the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian

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Zusammenfassung

Das mesozoische Lusitanische Becken entstand als Teil des nordatlantischen Riftsystems. Während des Oberjuras lebte die tektonische Aktivität erneut auf und führte zu einer intensiven Differenzierung der faziellen Entwicklung. Die Kalke und Siliziklastika des Kimmeridge und Unteren Tithons, deren lithostratigraphische Beziehungen dargestellt werden, repräsentieren Becken-, Hang- und Flachwasserablagerungen sowie terrestrische Sedimente.

Synsedimentäre Tektonik bestimmte überwiegend die Ausbildung, Verteilung und Mächtigkeiten der Sedimente. Halokinese, eustatische Meeresspiegelschwankungen, exogene und biogene Faktoren kontrollierten die Faziesverteilung zusätzlich. Ein Vergleich der bathymetrischen Entwicklung aller grö\eren Beckenprofile und Standardisierung auf eine gemeinsame Zeitachse erlauben, die überlagerung der einzelnen Kontrollfaktoren zu entschlüsseln sowie den Wert einiger biostratigraphischer Bezugshorizonte zu testen.

Während des Kimmeridge wurde die Paläogeographie vor allem durch starke Subsidenz des Beckenzentrums sowie durch eine gro\e lineare Hebungszone im Norden und durch hohe klastische Zufuhr bestimmt. Am Ende des Kimmeridge und während des Tithons verlangsamte sich die Subsidenz. Anhebung innerer Beckenteile und schwankende Zufuhr von Klastika bewirkten die episodische Ausbreitung von Flachwasserkarbonaten und die verbreitete Entwicklung gemischt kalkig-klastischer Serien. Abschirmungs- und Abfangeffekte erlaubten kleinräumige Faziesvariationen. Zur Kreide hin verlandete das Becken durch klastische Zufüllung aus nördlicher, östlicher und vor allem nordwestlicher Richtung.

Abstract

The Mesozoic Lusitanian Basin developed as a part of the North Atlantic rift system. Tectonic rifting activity was rejuvenated during the Upper Jurassic, leading to intensive differentiation of facies development. Kimmeridgian and Lower Tithonian calcareous and siliciclastic sediments represent basinal and slope, shallow marine, and terrestrial environments. The lithostratigraphic arrangement of facies units is demonstrated. Sediment character, distribution and thicknesses are mainly controlled by synsedimentary faulting, with a partial overprint by uprise of salt diapirs. Eustatic sea level fluctuations, exogenic and biogenic factors resulted in additional control on facies development.

Comparing bathymetric development of major basin sections and simplified plotting on a common time scale is a simple tool to unravel the multifactorial control of sedimentation and to test the validity of some biostratigraphic markers.

During the Kimmeridgian, paleogeography was mainly determined by intensive subsidence of the basin center, by a large linear uplift zone m the north, and by a high amount of clastic influx. At the end of the stage and during the Tithonian, overall subsidence slowed down and inner basin uplifts arose further south. Degree of clastic input was variable. Thus shallow water carbonates were episodically widespread throughout the basin and mixed calcareous-clastic sequences were common. Sheltering and trapping effects resulted in local facies variations. Towards the Cretaceous the basin sanded up from northern, eastern and, particularly, northwestern directions.

Resumo

Durante o Mesozóico, a Bacia Lusitânica desenvolveu-se como parte do sistema »rift« do Atlântico do Norte. A actividade tectónica, tipo »rifting« renasceu durante o Jurásico Superior, causando uma diferenciaÇÃo intensa no desenvolvimento de fácies. Os sedimentos calcários e siliciclásticos do Kimeridgiano e Titoniano inferior representam ambientes do mar mais ou menos profundo (fundo de bacia, declive, lagoa, delta) e ambientes continentais. O quadro litoestratigráfico das unidades de fácies é elaborado.

O carácter, a distribuiÇÃo e a espessura dos sedimentos sÃo sobretudo controlados pela actividade tectónica sinsedimentária. Movimentos halokinéticos, fluctuaÇÕes eustáticas do nível do mar, e factores exogénicos e biológicos resultaram num controle adicional do desenvolvimento de fácies.

Uma medida simples para destrinÇar os factores diferentes da sedimentaÇÃo e para testar o valor de alguns »markers« bioestratigráficos é comparar o desenvolvimento batimÊtrico dos coites principais da bacia e estandardizá-los num comum eixo temporal.

Durante o Kimeridgiano, a paleogeografia foi dominada pela subsidÊncia intensa do centro da bacia, por um grande levantamento estreito no Norte, e por um grau elevado de introduÇÃo de clásticos. No fim do estágio e durante o Titoniano, a subsidÊncia geral diminuiu-se e novos levantamentos surgiram mais no Sul. O grau de introduÇÃo de clásticos foi variável. Por consequÊncia, calcários de agua pouco profunda alargaram-se por vezes sobre grandes partes da bacia e sequÊncias mistas de calcários e clásticos foram comum.

No fim do Jurásico o mar desapareceu por causa de enchimento da bacia por clásticos de proveniÊncia norte, este, e partialmente noroeste.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

qMЕжОжОИскИИ БАссЕИН л УжИтАНИИ ОБРАжОВАлс ь кАк ЧАсть сЕВЕРО-АтлАНтИ ЧЕскОИ сИстЕМы РИФтО В. В ВЕРхНЕИ УРЕ тЕктОНИЧ ЕскАь АктИВНОсть ОжИ ВИлАсь И пРИВЕлА к ДИФФЕРЕНцИ АцИИ ФАцИАльНОгО РАж ВИтИь. ОтлОжЕНИь НА ДНЕ БАсс ЕИНА, склОНАх, В МЕлкОВ ОДьЕ, А тАкжЕ МАтЕРИкОВыЕ с ЕДИМЕНты пРЕДстАВлЕ Ны ИжВЕстНькАМИ И кРЕМНИстО-ОБлОМОЧН ыМИ сОстАВльУЩИМИ кИММЕРИДжскОгО ВЕкА И НИжНЕгО тИтОНА; ОпИсыВАУтсь Их лИтОс тРАтИгРАФИЧЕскИЕ ВжАИМООтНОшЕНИь.

ОБРАжОВАНИЕ, РАспРЕДЕлЕНИЕ И МОЩН Ость сЕДИМЕНтОВ пРЕДОпРЕДЕльлИсь сИ НсЕДИМЕНтНыМИ тЕктО НИЧЕскИМИ пРОцЕссАМИ. кРОМЕ тОг О, сОльНАь тЕктОНИкА, ЁВстАтИЧЕскИЕ кОлЕБ АНИь УРОВНь МОРь, ЁкжО гЕННыЕ И БИОгЕННыЕ ФАктОРы Р ЕгУлИРОВАлИ РАспРЕД ЕлЕНИЕ ФАцИИ. НА ОсНОВАНИИ БА тИМЕтРИЧЕскИх сРАВНЕНИИ пРОФИлЕИ Б ОльшИх БАссЕИНОВ И стАНДАРтИжАцИИ Их НА ОБЩЕИ ВРЕМЕННОИ ОсИ УДАлОсь РАсшИФРО ВАть НАлОжЕНИь ОтДЕльНых ФАктОРОВ И пРОВЕРИть жНАЧЕНИЕ НЕкОтОРых Б ИОстРАтИгРАФИЧЕскИ х ОпОРНых гОРИжОНтОВ.

пАлЕОгЕОгРАФИь ВО ВР ЕМь кИММЕРИДжскОгО В ЕкА ОпРЕДЕльлАсь пРЕжДЕ ВсЕгО сИльНыМ ОпУскА НИЕМ цЕНтРА БАссЕИНА, А тАк жЕ БОльшИМ лИНЕИНыМ п ОДНьтИЕМ НА сЕВЕРЕ И пРИНОсОМ к лАстИЧЕскОгО МАтЕРИ АлА. В кОНцЕ кИММЕРИДжскО гО И В НАЧАлЕ тИтОНскО гО ВЕкОВ пРОсЕДАНИЕ жАМ ЕДлИлОсь. пОДНьтИЕ ВН УтРЕННИх ЧАстЕИ БАссЕИНОВ И кО лЕБАНИь пРИНОсА клАстИЧЕскОгО МАтЕР ИАлА пРИВЕлИ к ВРЕМЕН НОМУ ОтлОжЕНИУ МЕлкОВОДНых кАРБОНА тОВ, А тАкжЕ РАсшИРИлО РАжВИтИЕ сМЕшАННых И жВЕсткОВО-клАстИЧЕс кИх сЕРИИ. В РЕжУльтАтЕ ЁФ ФЕктА «жАЩИты» И «пЕР ЕхВАтА» пОьВИлИсь НЕБОльшИЕ ИжМЕНЕНИь ФАцИИ лОкА льНОгО жНАЧЕНИь. В сВьжИ с УсИ лЕНИЕМ пРИНОсА клАст ИЧЕскОгО МАтЕРИАлА с сЕВЕРА, ВО стОкА, И, пРЕжДЕ ВсЕгО, с сЕВЕРО-жАпАДА, БАссЕИН ОБМЕлЕл к НАЧ АлУ МЕлОВОгО пЕРИОДА И пРЕВРАтИлс ь В сУшУ.

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  1. Reinhold R. Leinfelder

    Present address: Institut für Geowissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Saarstr. 21, D-6500, Mainz

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    Leinfelder, R.R. Multifactorial control of sedimentation patterns in an ocean marginal basin: the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) during the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian. Geol Rundsch 76, 599–631 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01821094

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