Abstract
Experimental pancreatitis (PT) is induced by proximal and distal duodenal closure in the bile-duct-ligated dog, by causing duodeno-pancreatic reflux of lumenal secretions. It has been postulated that trypsin and enterokinase (EK) in the secretions activate trypsinogen within the pancreas, producing PT. There is supporting evidence for trypsin, but EK has not previously been investigated. To determine whether EK alone could cause PT, we injected saline suspensions of partially purified EK, and other test materials, into the duct of Wirsung of dogs and after 24 hr examined their pancreases and estimated the increment in serum amylase. Following 0.5% EK, both PT and hyperamylasemia (HA) ensued; HA without PT occurred when EK was inactivated by heat, administered with trypsin inhibitor (TI), or administered in more dilute solution. Injection of TI or of hog gastric mucin likewise leads to HA but not to PT. It is concluded that the PT observed was due to EK activity, and that therefore EK could contribute to the production of PT in the closed-duodenalloop model. The HA observed in the absence of PT is unexplained but appears to be related to the colloidal properties of the materials injected.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pfeffer RB, Stasior O, Hinton JW: The clinical picture of the sequential development of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Surg Forum 8:258, 1957
Paulino-Netto A, Dreiling DA: Chronic duodenal obstruction: a mechanovascular etiology of pancreatitis. II. Experimental observations. Am J Dig Dis 5:1006–1018, 1960
McCutcheon AD, Race D: Experimental pancreatitis: a possible etiology of post-operative pancreatitis. Ann Surg 155:523–531, 1962
Beck IT, Kahn DS, Solymar J, McKenna RD, Zylberszac B: The role of pancreatic enzymes in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. III. Comparison of the pathologic and biochemical changes in the canine pancreas to intraductal injection with bile and trypsin. Gastroenterology 46:531–542, 1964
Kunitz M: Purification and concentration of enterokinase. J Gen Physiol 22:447–450, 1939
Kassell B, Radicevic M, Berlow S, Peansky RJ, Laskowski M: The basic trypsin inhibitor of bovine pancreas. I. An improved method of preparation and amino acid composition. J Biol Chem: 238:3274–3279, 1963
Kunitz M: Formation of trypsin from crystalline trypsinogen by means of enterokinase. J Gen Physiol 22:429–446, 1939
Haverback BJ, Dyce B, Bundy H, Edmondson HA: Trypsin, trypsinogen and trypsin inhibitor in human pancreatic juice. Am J Med 29:424–433, 1960
Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Fass AL, Randall RJ: Protein measurement with the Folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275, 1951
Finco DR, Stevens JB: Clinical significance of serum amylase activity in the dog. JAVMA 155:1886–1891, 1969
Elliott DW: Appraisal of the usefulness of various experimental models for the study of acute pancreatitis. The Exocrine Pancreas, IT Beck DG Sinclair (eds). London, J.R.A. Churchill, 1971, p 87
Anderson MC, Bergan JJ: Significance of vascular injury as a factor in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Ann Surg 154:58–67, 1961
Thal A: Studies on pancreatitis. II. Acute pancreatic necrosis produced experimentally by Arthus sensitization reaction. Surgery 37:911–917, 1955
Anderson MC, Needleman SB, Gramatica L, Toranto IR, Briggs DR: Further inquiry into the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis: role of pancreatic enzymes. Arch Surg 99:185–192, 1969
Dreiling DD, Kirschner PA, Nemser H: Chronic duodenal obstruction: a mechanovascular etiology of pancreatitis: I. Report of 6 cases illustrating this clinical variety. Am J Dig Dis 5:991–1005, 1960
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hammond, J.B., Mann, N.S. Pancreatitis following the intraductal injection of partially purified enterokinase in dogs. Digest Dis Sci 22, 182–188 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01072274
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01072274