Abstract
The regulation of the synthesis of four dissimilatory enzymes involved in methanol metabolism, namely alcohol oxidase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase and catalase was investigated in the yeasts Hansenula polymorpha and Kloeckera sp. 2201. Enzyme profiles in cell-free extracts of the two organisms grown under glucose limitation at various dilution rates, suggested that the synthesis of these enzymes is controlled by derepression — represion rather than by induction — repression. Except for alcohol oxidase, the extent to which catabolite repression of the catabolic enzymes was relieved at low dilution rates was similar in both organisms. In Hansenula polymorpha the level of alcohol oxidase in the cells gradually increased with decreasing dilution rate, whilst in Kloeckera sp. 2201 derepression of alcohol oxidase synthesis was only observed at dilution rates below 0.10 h−1 and occurred to a much smaller extent than in Hansenula polymorpha.
Derepression of alcohol oxidase and catalase in cells of Hansenula polymorpha was accompanied by synthesis of peroxisomes. Moreover, peroxisomes were degraded with a concurrent loss of alcohol oxidase and catalase activities when excess glucose was introduced into the culture. This process of catabolite inactivation of peroxisomal enzymes did not affect cytoplasmic formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ben Bassat, A., Goldberg, I.: Oxidation of C1-compounds in Pseudomonas C. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 497, 586–597 (1977)
Bormann, C., Sahm, H.: Degradation of microbodies in relation to activities of alcohol oxidase and catalase in Candida biodinii. Arch. Microbiol. 117, 67–72 (1978)
Colby, J., Zatman, L. J.: Enzymological aspects of the pathways for trimethylamine oxidation and C1-assimilation in obligate methylotrophs and restricted facultative methylotrophs. Biochem. J. 148, 513–520 (1975)
van Dijken, J. P., Veenhuis, M., Kreger-van Rij, N. J. W., Harder, W.: Microbodies in methanol-assimilating yeasts. Arch. Microbiol. 102, 41–44 (1975a)
van Dijken, J. P., Veenhuis, M., Vermeulen, C. A., Harder, W.: Cytochemical localization of catalase activity in methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha. Arch. Microbiol. 105, 261–267 (1975b)
van Dijken, J. P.: Oxidation of methanol by yeasts. Thesis. University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 1976
van Dijken, J. P., Otto, R., Harder, W.: Growth of Hansenula polymorpha in a methanol-limited chemostat. Arch. Microbiol. 111, 137–144 (1976a)
van Dijken, J. P., Oostra-Demkes, G. J., Otto, R., Harder, W.: S-formylglutathione: the substrate for formate dehydrogenase in methanol-utilizing yeasts. Arch. Microbiol. 111, 77–83 (1976b).
van Dijken, J. P., Harder, W., Beardsmore, A. J., Quayle, J. R.: Dihydroxy-acetone: an intermediate in the assimilation of methanol by yeasts. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 4, 97–102 (1978)
Eggeling, L., Sahm, H.: Derepression and partial intensitivity to carbon catabolite repression of methanol dissimilating enzymes in Hansenula polymorpha. Europ. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 5, 197–202 (1978)
Fukui, S., Kawamoto, S., Yasuhara, S., Tanaka, A., Osumi, M., Imaizumi, F.: Microbody of methanol-grown yeasts. Localization of catalase and flavin-dependent alcohol oxidase in the isolated microbody. Eur. J. Biochem. 59, 561–566 (1975)
Holzer, H.: Catabolite inactivation in yeast. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1, 178–181 (1976)
Kitamura, K., Kaneda, T., Yamamoto, Y.: Lysis of viable cells by enzymes of Arthrobacter luteus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 145, 402–404 (1971)
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. J., Randall, R. J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)
Lück, H.: Catalase. In: Methods of enzymatic analysis (H. U. Bergmeyer, ed.), pp. 885–894. New York-London: Academic Press 1963
Newaz, S. S., Hersh, L. B.: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide activated phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in Pseudomonas MA: potential regulation between carbon assimilation and energy production. J. Bacteriol. 124, 825–833 (1975)
Osumi, M., Imaizumi, F., Imai, M., Sato, H., Yamaguchi, H.: Isolation and characterization of microbodies from Candida tropicalis PK 233 cells grown on normal alkanes. J. gen. Appl. Microbiol. 21, 375–387 (1975)
Quayle, J. R.: The metabolism of one carbon compounds by microorganisms. Adv. Microbial Physiol. 7, 119–203 (1972)
Roggenkamp, R., Sahm, H., Hinkelmann, W., Wagner, F.: Alcohol oxidase and catalase in peroxisomes of Candida boidinii. Eur. J. Biochem. 59, 231–236 (1975)
Sahm, H.: Metabolism of methanol by yeasts. In: Advances in biochemical engineering (T. K. Ghose, A. Fiechter, N. Blakebrough, eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977
Sahm, H., Wagner, F.: Microbial assimilation of methanol. The ethanol- and methanol-oxidizing enzymes of the yeast Candida biodinii. Eur. J. Biochem. 36, 250–256 (1973)
Strøm, T., Ferenci, T., Quayle, J. R.: The carbon assimilation pathways of Methylosinus trichosporium 0B3B during growth on methane. Biochem. J. 144, 465–476 (1974)
Tanaka, A., Yasuhara, S., Kawamoto, S., Fukui, S., Osumi, M.: Development of microbodies in the yeast Kloeckera growing on methanol. J. Bacteriol. 126, 919–927 (1976)
Tani, Y., Miya, T., Ogata, K.: The microbial metabolism of methanol. Part II. Properties of crystalline alcohol oxidase from Kloeckera sp. No. 2201. Agr. Biol. Chem. 36, 68–75 (1972)
Veenhuis, M., van Dijken, J. P., Harder, W.: Cytochemical studies on the localisation of methanol oxidase and other oxidases in peroxisomes of methanol-grown Hansenula Polymorpha. Arch. Microbiol. 111, 123–135 (1976)
Veenhuis, M., van Dijken, J. P., Pilon, S. A. F., Harder, W.: Development of crystalline peroxisomes in methanol-grown cells of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha and its relation to environmental conditions. Arch. Microbiol. 117, 153–163 (1978a)
Veenhuis, M., Keizer, I., Harder, W.: Characterisation of peroxisomes in glucose-grown Hansenula polymorpha and their development after the transfer of cells into methanol-containing media. Arch. Microbiol. (in press, 1979)
Veenhuis, M., Zwart, K., Harder, W.: Degradation of peroxisomes after transfer of methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha into glucose-containing media. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 4, 283–286 (1978b)
Vranà, D.: Physiological state of daughter cells as a function of growth rate of Candida utilis. In: Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. on Yeasts (H. Klaushofer, U. B. Slyter, eds.), Part I, pp. 47–48. Wien 1974
Vranà, D., Lieblovà, J., Beran, K.: Maturation and growth of daughter cells in dependance of the growth rate of a Candida utilis population. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. on Yeasts (H. Suomalainen, Ch. Waller, eds.), Part II, pp. 285–296. Helsinki: Otaniemi 1973
Yasuhara, S., Kawamoto, S., Tanaka, A., Osumi, M., Fukui, S.: Induction of catalase activity in a methanol-utilizing yeast, Kloeckera sp. 2201. Agr. Biol. Chem. 40, 1771–1780 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Egli, T., van Dijken, J.P., Veenhuis, M. et al. Methanol metabolism in yeasts: Regulation of the synthesis of catabolic enzymes. Arch. Microbiol. 124, 115–121 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00427715
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00427715