Abstract
Adhesion receptors and their ligands play a vital role in the immune system. We studied the expression of different adhesion receptors, using single- and double-staining immunohistochemical techniques, in both lesional and non-lesional skin specimens from seven psoriasis patients and in skin biopsy specimens from eight normal healthy controls. Our results showed an overall increased expression of several adhesion receptors in both lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin. We consistently found an increased expression in particular of ICAM-1 and E-selectin on endothelial cells, and ICAM-1 on T cells and Langerhans cells. In contrast, a weak expression of VCAM-1 was found on endothelial cells and mononuclear cells in lesional psoriatic skin specimens alone. Interestingly, LFA-1 was also expressed on Langerhans cells, with a greater frequency in skin from lesional than from non-lesional sites, but was never expressed in skin from normal healthy individuals. Furthermore, significantly increased numbers of Langerhans cells and T cells with a positive reactivity for MAb HECA-452 were found in both lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin. We hypothesize that the enhanced expression of adhesion receptors on migrating immunocompetent cells and endothelial cells of psoriatic skin in general facilitates the increased influx of activated T lymphocytes and other immunocomponent cells into the skin, and thus underscores the generalized character of the disease.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akbar AN, Salmon M, Janossy G (1991) The synergy between naive and memory T cells during activation. Immunol Today 12: 184–188
Barton SP, Abdullah MS, Marks R (1992) Quantification of microvascular changes in the skin in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 126: 569–574
Berg EL, Yoshino T, Rott L et al (1991) The cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is a skin lymphocyte homing receptor for the ascular lectin endothelial cell leucocyte adhesion molecule-1. J Exp Med 174: 1461–1466
Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Mendrick DL, Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA Jr (1987) Identification of an inducible endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 9238–9242
Bieber T, Braun-Falco O (1989) Distribution of CD1a-positive cells in psoriatic skin during the evolution of the lesions. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 69: 175–178
Bos JD (1988) The pathomechanisms of psoriasis; the skin immune system and cyclosporin. Br J Dermatol 118: 141–155
Bos JD, Hagenaars C, Das PK, Krieg SR, Voorn WJ, Kapsenberg ML (1989) Predominance of “memory” T cells (CD4+, Cdw29+) over naive T cells (CD4+, CD45R+) in both normal and diseased human skin. Arch Dermatol Res 281: 24–30
Bos JD, de Boer OJ, Tibosch E, Das PK, Pals ST (1993) Skin homing T-lymphocytes: detection of cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA) by HECA-452 in normal human skin. Arch Dermatol Res 285: 179–183
Butcher EC (1991) Leucocyte endothelial cell recognition: three or more steps to specificity and diversity. Cell 67: 1033–1036
Carlos TM, Schwartz BR, Kovach NL et al (1990) Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediates lymphocyte adherence to cytokine-activated cultured human endothelial cells. Blood 76: 965–970
Chin YH, Sackstein R, Cai JP (1991) Lymphocyte-homing receptors and preferential migration pathways. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 196: 374–380
Dinther-Jansen ACHM van, Pals ST, Scheper RJ, Breedveld F, Meijer CJLM (1990) Dendritic cells and high endothelial venules in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. J Rheumatol 17: 11–16
Dustin ML, Singer KH, Tuck DT, Springer TA (1988) Adhesion of T lymphoblasts to epidermal keratinocytes is regulated by interferon gamma and is mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1). J Exp Med 167: 1323–1340
Fierlbeck G, Rassner G, Muller C (1990) Psoriasis induced at the injection site of recombinant interferon gamma. Results of immunohistologic investigations. Arch Dermatol 126: 351–355
Forster S, Ilderon E, Summerly R, Yardley HJ (1983) The level of phospholipase A2 activity is raised in uninvolved epidermis of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 120: 210–214
Fraki JE, Briggeman RA, Lazerus GS (1982) Uninvolved skin from psoriasis patients develops signs of involved psoriatic skin after being grafted onto nude mice. Science 215: 685–687
Frederiksson T, Pettersson U (1978) Severe psoriasis oral therapy with new retinoid. Dermatologica 157: 238–244
Gearing AJ, Fincham NJ, Bird CR, Wadhwa M, Meager A, Cartwright JE, Camp RD (1990) Cytokines in skin lesions of psoriasis. Cytokine 2: 68–75
Graham RC Jr, Lundholm U, Karnovsky MJ (1965) Cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity with 3-amino-9-ethyl carbazole. J Histochem Cytochem 13: 150–154
Griffiths CE, Voorhees JJ, Nickoloff BJ (1989) Characterization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and HLA-DR expression in normal and inflamed skin: modulation by recombinant gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor. J Am Acad Dermatol 20: 617–629
Groves RW, Allen MH, Barker JN, Haskard DO, MacDonald DM (1991) Endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) expression in cutaneous inflammation. Br J Dermatol 124: 117–123
Horrocks C, Duncan JI, Oliver AM, Thomson AW (1991) Adhesion molecule expression in psoriatic skin lesions and the influence of cyclosporin A. Clin Exp Immunol 84: 157–162
Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H (1981) Use of avidin biotinperoxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabelled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem 29: 577–580
Issekutz TB (1992) Lymphocyte homing to sites of inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 4: 287–293
Joost Th van, Bos JD, Heule F, Meinardi MMHM (1988) Low dose cyclosporin A in severe psoriasis. A double blind study. Br J Dermatol 118: 183–190
Kellner I, Konter U, Sterry W (1991) Overexpression of extracellular matrix receptors (VLA-3, -5 and-6) on psoriatic keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 125: 211–216
Konter U, Kellner I, Klein E, Kaufmann R, Mielke V, Sterry W (1989) Adhesion molecule mapping in normal human skin. Arch Dermatol Res 281: 454–462
Koopman G, Pals ST (1992) Cellular interactions in the germinal centre: role of adhesion receptors and significance for the pathogenesis of AIDS and malignant lymphoma. Immunol Rev 126: 21–45
Krueger GG, Chambers DA, Shelby J (1981) Involved and uninvolved skin from psoriatic subjects: are they equally diseased? J Clin Invest 68: 1548–1557
Loos CM van der, Oord JJ van den, Das PK, Houthoff HJ (1988) Use of commercially available monoclonal antibodies for immunoenzyme double staining. Histochem J 20: 409–413
Loos CM van der, Das PK, Oord JJ van den, Houthoff HJ (1989) Multiple immunoenzyme staining techniques. Use of fluoresceinated, biotinylated and unlabelled monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 117: 45–52
MacCay CR, Imhof BA (1993) Cell adhesion in the immune system. Immunol Today 14: 99–102
Mason DY, Stein H, Naiem M, Abdulaziz Z (1981) Immunohistological analysis of human lymphoid tissue by double immunoenzymatic labelling. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 101: 13–18
McGregor JM, Barker JNWN, Ross EL, MacDonald DM (1992) Epidermal dendritic cells in psoriasis possess a phenotype associated with antigen presentation: In situ expression of Beta2-integrins- J Am Acad Dermatol 27: 383–388
Norris P, Poston RN, Thomas DS, Thornhill M, Hawk J, Haskard DO (1991) The expression of endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in experimental cutaneous inflammation: a comparison ultraviolet B erythema and delayed hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 96: 763–770
Panfilis G de, Manara GC, Ferrari C, Torresani C, Zucchi A, Devoto RM (1989) Further characterization of the “incipient lesion of chronic stationary type psoriasis vulgaris in exacerbation”. The CD4 positive lymphocytes are the prominent cell population infiltrating the dermis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 146: 26–30
Panifilis G de, Soligo D, Manara GC, Ferrari C, Torresani C (1989) Adhesion molecules on the plasma membrane of epidermal cells. I. Human resting Langerhans cells express two members of adherence promoting CD11/CD18 family, namely H-MAC-1 (CD11b/CD18) and gp150,95 (CD11c/CD18). J Invest Dermatol 93: 60–69
Pellegrini G, De Luca M, Orecchia G, Balzac F, Cremona O, Savoia P, Cancedda R, Marchisio PC (1992) Expression, topography, and function of integrin receptors are severely altered in keratinocytes from involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin. J Clin Invest 89: 1783–1795
Picker LJ (1992) Mechanisms of lymphocyte homing. Curr Opin Immunol 4: 277–286
Picker LJ, Michie SA, Rott LS, Butcher EC (1990) A unique phenotype of skin associated lymphocytes in humans. Preferential expression of the HECA-452 epitope by benign and malignant T cells at cutaneous sites. Am J Pathol 136: 1053–1068
Pober JS (1987) Effects of tumor necrosis factor and related cytokines on vascular endothelial cells. Ciba Found Symp 131: 170–184
Raynaud F, Evain-Brion D (1991) Protein kinase C activity in normal and psoriatic cells: cultures of fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Br J Dermatol 124: 542–546
Ryan TJ (1980) Microcirculation in psoriasis. Blood vessels, lymphatics and tissue fluid. Pharmacol Ther 10: 27–64
Simon JC, Cruz PD, Tigelaar RE, Sontheimer RD, Bergstresser PR (1991) Adhesion molecules CD11a, CD18 and ICAM-1 on human epidermal Langerhans cells serve a functional role in the activation of alloreactive T cells. J Invest Dermatol 96: 148–151
Streilein JW (1990) Speculations on the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis: T-cell violation of a keratinocytes sphere of influence. J Invest Dermatol 95: 20s-21s
Teunissen MBM, Wormeester J, Krieg SR et al (1990) Human epidermal Langerhans cells undergo profound morphological and phenotypical changes during in vitro culture. J Invest Dermatol 94: 166–173
Tidman N, Janossy G, Bodger M, Granger S, Kung PC, Goldstein G (1981) Delineation of human thymocyte differentiation pathways utilizing double staining techniques with monoclonal antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 45: 457–461
Vejlsgaard GL, Ralfkiaer E, Avnstorp C, Czajkowski M, Marlin SD, Rothlein R (1989) Kinetics and characterization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on keratinocytes in various inflammatory skin lesions and malignant cutaneous lymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 20: 782–790
Weinschenker BG, Bass BH, Ebers GC, Rice GPA (1989) Remission of psoriatic lesions with muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 20: 1132–1133
Wellicome SM, Thornhill MH, Pitzalis C et al (1990) A monoclonal antibody that detects a novel antigen on endothelial cells that is induced by tumor necrosis factor, IL-1, or lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 144: 2558–2565
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Boer, O.J., Wakelkamp, I.M.M.J., Pals, S.T. et al. Increased expression of adhesion receptors in both lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin. Arch Dermatol Res 286, 304–311 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402220
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402220