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The following is based on an age classification, but I prefer to think in terms of stages of development. Thus the first stage is experimental, the second is the beginning of the use of deduction and the third sees the beginning of systematisation.
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Armitage, J.V. The relation between abstract and ‘concrete’ mathematics at school. Educ Stud Math 2, 180–188 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303456
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303456