Skip to main content
Log in

A comparison of nutrient availability measured by chemical analysis and calculated from bioassay yields

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concentrations of soluble biologically available nitrogen and phosphorus were determined using Selenastrum capricornutum bioassays and compared with analytically measured soluble nitrate (NO3-N) and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations during enrichment studies in a South African impoundment. The NO3-N analyses consistently underestimated the soluble biologically available nitrogen and the extent of the discrepancy decreased with increasing NO3-N concentration. Biological availability of soluble organic nitrogen during the bioassays is suggested as a reason for the discrepancies. At low soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations the analytical measurements underestimated the soluble biologically available phosphorus while at high soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations the analytical measurements were considerable overestimates of soluble biologically available phosphorus. Possible reasons for the observed trend are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Archibald, C., Warwick, R. J., Fowles, B. K., Muller, M. S. & Butler, A., 1969. Midmar Dam. In: Butty, M. & Walmsley, R. D. (Eds.). Eutrophication of Rivers and Dams, Part 5. The Limnological Characteristics of 21 South African Impoundments, pp. 278–297. Water Research Commission Contract Report. Pretoria, South Africa.

  • C.S.I.R., 1969. Chemical Methods of Analysis. National Institute for Water Research, C. S. I. R., Pretoria, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downes, M. T. & Paerl, H. W., 1978. Separation of two dissolved reactive phosphorus fractions in lakewaters. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 35: 1636–1639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, G. P., 1970. Evaluation of the availability of sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for algae. J. Phycol. 6: 239–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, G. P. & Nelson, T. C., 1966. Extractive and enzymatic analysis for limiting on surplus phosphorus in algae. J. Phycol. 2: 32–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francko, D. A. & Heath, R. T., 1979. Functionally distinct classes of complex phosphorus compounds in Lake water. Limnol. Oceanog. 24: 463–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grobler, D. C. & Davies, E., 1979. The availability of sediment phosphate to algea. Water S. A. 5: 114–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golterman, H. L. & Clymo, R. S., 1969. Methods of Chemical Analysis of Fresh Waters. IBP Handbook No. 8. Blackwell Scientific Oxford. 172 pp.

  • Golterman, H. L., Bakels, C. C. & Jacobs-Mogelin, J., 1969. Availability of mud phosphates for the growing of algae. Verh. int. Verein. Limnol. 17: 467–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, R. D., 1973. Sterilization. In: Stein, J. R., (Ed.) Phycological Methods, pp. 181–194. Cambridge University Press.

  • Hemens, J., Simpson, D. E. & Warwick, R. J., 1977. Nitrogen and phosphorus input into Midmar Dam, Natal. Water S.A. 3: 193–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansson, M., 1977. Enzymatic release of phosphate in water from subarctic lakes in northern Sweden. Hydrobiologia 56: 175–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuenzler, E. J. &Ketchum, B. H., 1962. Rate of phosphorus uptake by Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Biol. Bull. 123: 134–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lean, D. R. S., 1973. Movements of phosphorus between its biologically important forms in lake water. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 30: 1525–1536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, S., 1975. Orthophosphate concentration and flux within the epilimnia of two Canadian Shield Lakes. Verh. int. Verein. Limnol. 19: 624–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl, H. W. & Downes, M. T., 1978. Biological availability of low versus high molecular weight reactive phosphorus. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 35: 1639–1643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigler, F. H., 1973. A dynamic view of the phosphorus cycle in lakes. In: Griffith, E. J. et al. (Eds.) Environmental Phosphorus Handbook, pp. 539–572. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robarts, R. D. & Southall, G. C., 1977. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in seven tropical man-made lakes, with special reference to Lake McIlwaine, Rhodesia. Arch. Hydrobiol. 79: 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, C. N., 1973. Phosphorus and ecology. In: Environmental Griffith E. J. et al. (Eds.) Phosphorus Handbook, pp. 633–648. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J., 1969. Biometry. W. Freeman, San Francisco. 776 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stainton, M. P., 1980. Errors in molybdenum blue methods for determining orthophosphate in fresh water. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 37: 472–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steeman Nielsen, E., 1978. Growth of the unicellular alga Selenastrum capricornutum as a function of P with some notes also on N. Verh. int. Verein. Limnol. 20: 36–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Syers, J. K., Harris, R. F. & Armstrong, D. E., 1973. Phosphate chemistry in lake sediments. J. environm. Quality 2: 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toerien, D. F., Hyman, K. L. & Bruwer, M. J. 1975. A preliminary trophic status classification of some South African impoundments. Water S. A. 1: 15–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toerien, D. F., 1974. The role of aglal growth kinetics in the control of eutrophication problems. News Lett. limnol. Soc. S. Afr. 22: 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twinch, A. J., 1976. A study of the influence of nutrient enrichment in Midmar Dam. M. Sc. thesis, Department of Botany, University of Natal. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 165 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twinch, A. J., 1980. Some aspects of phosphorus cycling in Midmar Dam. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Botany, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 224 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twinch, A. J. & Breen, C. M., 1978a. Enrichment studies using isolation columns: I. The effects of isolation. Aquat. Bot. 4: 151–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twinch, A. J. & Breen, C. M., 1978b. Enrichment studies using isolation columns: 2. The effects of phosphorus enrichment. Aquat. Bot. 4: 161–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twinch, A. J. & Breen, C. M., 1981. A study of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in enriched isolation columns. Hydrobiologia 77: 49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA, 1969. Provisional Algal Assay Procedure. Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA, 1971. Algal Assay Procedure: Bottle Test. National Eutrophication Research Program, Corvalis, Oregon, 82 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA, 1978. The Selenastrum capricornutum. Printz algal assay bottle test. Experimental design, application and data interpretation protocol. Corvalis, Oregon. EPA 600/9–78–018. 90 pp.

  • Walmsley, R. D., 1976. Limnological studies in Midmar Dam. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Botany, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 170 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walmsley, R. D. & Butty, M., 1979. Eutrophication of Rivers and Dams, Part 6. An Investigation of Chlorophyll Nutrient Relationships for 21 South African Impoundments. Water Research Commission, Final Contract Report. National Institute for Water Research, C.S.I.R., Pretoria, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, C. P. & Fred Lee, G., 1972. A biological evaluation of the molybdenum blue method of orthophosphate analysis. Verh. int. Verein, Limnol. 18: 676–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel, R. G., 1975. Limnology. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 743 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Twinch, A.J., Breen, C.M. A comparison of nutrient availability measured by chemical analysis and calculated from bioassay yields. Hydrobiologia 94, 247–255 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016406

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016406

Keywords

Navigation