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Biosynthesis and function of tRNA wobble modifications

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Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 12))

Abstract

Post-transcriptional modifications at the first (wobble) position of the tRNA anticodon participate in the precise decoding of the genetic code that is mediated by the codon-anticodon interaction. However, the biosynthesis and functions of many wobble modifications remain unknown. We describe, here, a reverse genetic approach that we used to explore the uncharacterized genes of Escherichia coli and yeast that are responsible for the wobble modifications (the Ribonucleome analysis). By combining this method with a comparative genomics approach, we identified an essential gene (tilS) that is responsible for the biosynthesis of lysidine at the wobble position of the bacterial tRNAIle that is specific for the AUA codon. Lysidine is an essential wobble modification that is required for the identity of the tRNA and its AUA codon specificity. In vitro reconstitution of the wobble modification revealed the detailed mechanism by which lysidine is synthesized.

Accurate maintenance of wobble modifications is, thus, required for various biological functions. We also show that the subcellular localization of tRNAs in Leishmania tarentolae is controlled by different wobble modifications. Moreover, we describe our recent studies that have revealed that the lack of wobble modification of mitochondrial tRNAs leads to translational defects that are associated with mitochondrial diseases, which suggests that disordered RNA modification may be a causative factor of human diseases.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    Tsutomu Suzuki

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Suzuki, T. Biosynthesis and function of tRNA wobble modifications. In: Grosjean, H. (eds) Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b106361

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