Abstract
The profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) following manure application in vegetable greenhouse should be paid more attention due to its particular environment inside. Temporal dynamics of ARGs were investigated in two vegetable greenhouse soil after cattle manure (CM), swine manure (SM), and poultry manure (PM) application. Hopefully, the results could provide useful reference for safer manure application and respective policy formulation. Two plastic vegetable greenhouses with different cultivation histories located in Shandong province, where accounts for 50% of greenhouse cultivation in China, were selected to be applied with 3 types of manure, namely CM, SM, and PM. The temporal changes in abundance of ARGs, 2 integron-integrase (intI) genes, bacterial community composition, and concentration of antibiotics were analyzed. intI 2 was introduced into soil from all types of animal manure, and blaTEM was only from CM. Three manure applications all enriched the total abundances of 12 ARGs in soil throughout 28 days with SM being most significant. The changing patterns of individual ARGs after manure application were different, and mostly dependent on the manure types. The abundance of bacteria (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, and Fibrobacteres) was positively correlated with most of ARGs, and bacteria (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, BRC1, and Epsilonbacteraeota) was positively correlated with specific ARGs, indicating these bacteria were potential hosts of specific ARGs. Contribution of intI genes (14.63%), and its interaction with bacterial community (22.16%) and antibiotics (14.07%) to ARGs variation highlighted the importance of intI genes in the spread and transfer of ARGs from manure to agricultural system. This study provided a direct evidence of ARGs introduction and enrichment in greenhouse soils by manure application. Proper measures should be taken to reduce the levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria, ARGs, intI genes, and associated risk before manure application into soil.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41907030].
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Xuexia Yuan: conceptualization, experimental investigations, data interpretation, and writing of the original draft. Yong Zhang: conceptualization, supervision, data interpretation, reviewing, and editing of the original draft. Lixia Fan: data interpretation, editing of the original draft, and writing. Wenbo Wang: data interpretation and editing. Yuanjuan Wu: data interpretation and editing. All authors read and approved the final version.
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Yuan, X., Zhang, Y., Fan, L. et al. Temporal Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Vegetable Greenhouse Soils Following Different Manure Applications. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22, 5144–5158 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-00990-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-00990-x