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Flow characteristics of degraded polypropylene-co-ethylene kaolin composite extruded at different temperatures and extrusion cycles using single-screw extruder

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Abstract

Melt processing is challenging for recycling of mineral-filled polypropylene (PP) composites because the melt flow system, the viscoelasticity and the appearance of the extrudate profile change due to a combination of extensive shear forces and thermal-oxidative degradation. The flow pattern and the swelling behaviour of polypropylene-co-ethylene-kaolin (PP-co-E-kaolin) composite with 20% (by wt) kaolin and 5% (by wt) maleic anhydride-graft-polypropylene (PP-g-Ma) were distinguished using a single-screw extruder operated at different die temperatures and extrusion cycles. The compound was prepared by mixing the ingredients using a heated two-roll mill, whereas the composite rheological and die swell measurements were obtained from the single-screw extruder. Confirmation of the obtained flow behaviour was evaluated using an Ubbelhode viscometer and a melt flow index (MFI) tester. The apparent viscosity (ηapp) of molten composites and the swelling ratio (B) of extrudates decreased with increasing the extrusion temperature, reflecting the PP melt strength weakened with increasing the amount of viscous component. At the same time, increasing MFI values also indicate the production of lower molecular weight PP-co-E composites. This was caused by the backbone chain-scission reaction due to the thermal-oxidative degradation in the PP-co-E matrix. Meanwhile, in the case of multiple extrusion cycles, a gradual increase in the composite molar mass (Mv) and B justified the development of chemical crosslinking in the PP-co-E-kaolin composite extrudates.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to acknowledge the support from the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) under a grant number of FRGS: 9003-00328 from the Ministry of Education Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim &  Jalilah Abd Jalil

  2. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Seberang Perai Selatan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff & Azlan Ariffin

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  1. Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
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  2. Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff
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  3. Jalilah Abd Jalil
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Correspondence to Nor Azura Abdul Rahim.

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Abdul Rahim, N., Ariff, Z.M., Abd Jalil, . et al. Flow characteristics of degraded polypropylene-co-ethylene kaolin composite extruded at different temperatures and extrusion cycles using single-screw extruder. Iran Polym J 30, 1201–1210 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-021-00969-y

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