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Modeling and optimization of process parameters of MB dye adsorption using waste-derived chemically activated biosorbents

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Abstract

The present study investigated statistical modeling and the optimization of process parameters for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto waste-derived chemically activated biosorbents. The synthesized biosorbents has been characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. A batch adsorption study has been performed at different operating conditions including the effect of biosorbent dose, pH, contact time, and concentration of MB dye on its removal. Different isotherm and kinetic models were also investigated, among them the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm, better optimize the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity recorded for ZnCl2_AC, H3PO4_AC, NaOH_AC, and NON_AC are 324.58, 233.11, 129.25, and 55.11 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic investigation exhibited that the adsorption behavior followed the intraparticle-diffusion model, signifying that the intraparticle diffusional resistance within the porous biosorbent controls the MB dye adsorption mechanism. The response surface methodology and artificial neural network approach were used to optimize the process parameters for the removal of MB dye in terms of response variables. Among the 20 designed experimental operating conditions, pH 9, sorbent dose 3 g/L, and a contact time of 8 h show optimum removal percentage of MB dye. The point of zero charges was also investigated to understand the surface chemistry of biosorbent. The high adsorption capacity obtained for ZnCl2_AC indicates that an appropriate low-cost biosorbent can be utilized for the removal of methylene blue dye from the aqueous solution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, India, for furnishing necessary resources and financial support to accomplish the reported work.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    Pushpraj Patel, Shubhi Gupta & Prasenjit Mondal

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  1. Pushpraj Patel
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Contributions

PP: experimentation/investigation, data analysis, methodology, conceptualization, writing (original draft preparation), visualization, writing (reviewing and editing); SG: visualization, writing (reviewing and editing), manuscript interpretation; PM: supervision, conceptualization, visualization, writing (reviewing and editing), resources.

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Correspondence to Prasenjit Mondal.

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Patel, P., Gupta, S. & Mondal, P. Modeling and optimization of process parameters of MB dye adsorption using waste-derived chemically activated biosorbents. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 13461–13480 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02693-w

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