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Microalgal growth coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems for advanced biofuel generation

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Abstract

Wastewater utilization as a medium for microalgal cultivation have copious simultaneous perquisites such as removal of nutrients (80–100%), heavy metal removal, carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration from atmosphere (1.83 kg CO2 kg−1 biomass), and high biomass production for biofuel generation (40–50% higher than crops feedstock). Municipal, industrial, domestic, agro-industrial, and several other types of wastewater treatment by coupling microalgal cultivation require two sorts of systems: open pond systems (OPs) and closed photobioreactors (PBRs). Many studies have focused on the utilization of OPs and closed PBRs for microalgal cultivation; however, comprehensive information in context of nutrient removal efficiency and biomass productivity with updated data is not fully addressed. In this review, wastewater treatment coupled microalgal cultivation for biofuel generation is emphasized in OPs and closed PBRs. The limitations of both systems, implementation of different approaches to enhance the biomass productivity, and economic feasibility are also highlighted. Based on the literature analysis, PBRs are more effective in wastewater treatment and biomass/biofuel generation due to contamination control and management of major parameters affecting microalgal growth. However, the implementation of various techniques to reduce the capital investment in PBR reactor designs is required for further use on commercial scale.

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This work was supported by a grant (PCSED-001-18) from Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under the Promising Center for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED) at Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the startup fund for the construction of the double first-class project (No. 561119201), Lanzhou University, China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pingliang Rehabilitation Center Hospital, No. 23 Taitong Road, Kongtong District, 744000, Pingliang, People’s Republic of China

    Hu Xiaogang

  2. Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Jalalah

  3. First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Wu Jingyuan

  4. Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Biochemistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, 46202, USA

    Yuanzhang Zheng

  5. MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Xiangkai Li

  6. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China

    El-Sayed Salama

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  1. Hu Xiaogang
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Xiaogang, H., Jalalah, M., Jingyuan, W. et al. Microalgal growth coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems for advanced biofuel generation. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 1939–1958 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01061-w

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