Abstract
Extremely halophilic archaea are habituated to unique econiches having extreme conditions like high salinity, varying temperatures, radiations, etc. The halophilic strains, Haloferax volcanii BBK2, Haloarcula japonica BS2, and Halogeometricum borinquense E3 are orange pigmented, isolated from solar salterns of India. These cultures grow in medium (EHM) containing 25% NaCl with pH of 7.5 and also grew in EHM medium in the presence of selenite concentrations from 2 to 100 mM. Microbial biosynthesis of rosette-like nanoneedles (extracellular) and selenium nanospheres (extracellular and intracellular) was observed in Haloferax volcanii BBK2 and Haloarcula japonica BS2. Halogeometricum borinquense E3 was able to biosynthesize only intracellular spherical selenium nanoparticles / nanospheres (SeNPs). The average diameter range of the intracellular nanosphere was ~ 50 nm to 410 mm when measured by DLS and FESEM. The presence of selenium in the nanomaterial was confirmed by FESEM and EDX, while Raman spectroscopy, XRD and SAED patterns indicated the amorphous nature of intracellular selenium nanoparticles. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of archaeal biomolecules like proteins and polysaccharides on surface of selenium nanoparticles. This study reports for the first time the biosynthesis of rosette-like nanoneedles by archaeal strains Haloferax volcanii BBK2 and Haloarcula japonica BS2, along with biosynthesis of intracellular nanospheres.
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Acknowledgements
DN thanks BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa campus for research fellowship. The authors are grateful to BITS CSIF for SEM-EDX, XRD, DLS analysis and SAIF, IIT Bombay for TEM-SAED analysis.
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JMB and NNG designed the study; DNN, and JB performed the experiments and analyzed the data; JMB and NNG provided critical feedback and helped shape the research; DNN wrote the final version of the manuscript.
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Nagar, D.N., Ghosh, N.N. & Braganca, J.M. Green synthesis of selenium nanospheres and nanoneedles by halophilic archaea. Appl Nanosci 12, 3983–3994 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02665-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02665-6