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Power/energy loss allocation in deregulated power distribution system with load factor and load power factor variation

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Abstract

The active power loss allocation of a radial distribution system faces numerous challenges due to deregulation of power supply. The huge penetrations of distributed generators (DGs) result reverse current in the network, which leads to complexity in cross-term decomposition and power loss allocation. Further, the system loss may decrease/increase due to penetration of DGs into the system. The distribution of this reduced/enhanced portion of losses among the end-users again brings complications in the radial distribution network (RDN) loss allocation. In light of above issues, this paper formulates a circuit theory based branch oriented LA algorithm which removes the impact of mutual terms analytically from the loss equation without any assumptions and approximations. This method allocates losses to the load points in the presence/absence of DG units with due respect to their load demands, power factors and positions in the power network. Moreover, a new DG remuneration scheme has been developed from the power loss equation which provides all the benefits of network loss reduction only to the DG owners in terms of incentives/penalties after analyzing their real impact towards RDN loss reduction. This technique is further extended to investigate the response as regard to energy loss allocation and load power factor variation keeping in view to practical field of application. The performance with respect to different load factors and DG power injections are also investigated using two test distribution systems i.e., IEEE-28 and 30 bus test systems. The comparative result obtained highlights effectiveness of the developed procedure against other existing procedures.

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Abbreviations

\(k\) :

Bus Number

\(nb\) :

Total number of buses in the network

\(xy\) :

Branch number

\(nbr\) :

Total number of branches in the system

\(SN\left( {xy} \right)\) :

Array containing subsequent buses of a branch-\(xy\)

\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\) :

Subsequent node of a branch-\(xy\), for \(k\,\,\varepsilon \,\,SN\left( {xy} \right)\)

\(I\left( {xy} \right)\) :

Current of branch-\(xy\)

\(I\left( {n\left( {xy,k} \right)} \right)\) :

Load current of the subsequent consumer connected at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(V_{{n\left( {xy,k} \right)}}\) :

Voltage of the consumer connected at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(I_{k}\) :

Equivalent current injection at \(k^{th}\) node

\(V_{k}\) :

Voltage at \(k^{th}\) node

\(Sloss\left( {xy} \right)\) :

Apparent power of the branch-\(xy\)

\(P_{Lk} + jQ_{Lk}\) :

Complex power load connected at node-\(k\)

\(P_{gk} + jQ_{gk}\) :

Complex power injected by DG connected at node-\(k\)

\(P_{k} + jQ_{k}\) :

Net power injection at node-\(k\)

\(Ploss\left( {xy} \right)\) :

Real power loss of the branch-\(xy\)

\(Qloss\left( {xy} \right)\) :

Reactive power loss of the branch-\(xy\)

\(Tploss\) :

Total real power loss of the network

\(In(dg(k))\) :

Total loss share of the DG unit which is connected at node-\(k\)

\(TIn\) :

Total estimated value of remuneration awarded to the DG owners (DGOs)

\(In_{exact}\) :

Exact amount of remuneration allocated to the DGOs

\(In_{diff}\) :

Difference between the estimated and true value of DG remuneration

\(P_{L} (xy,n(xy,k))\) :

Active power load at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(Q_{L} (xy,n(xy,k))\) :

Reactive power load at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(P_{g} (xy,n(xy,k))\) :

DG injected active power at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(Q_{g} (xy,n(xy,k))\) :

DG injected reactive power at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(*\) :

Represents conjugate of a complex number

\(>\) :

Used for representing one quantity is more than that of other quantity

\(In(xy,dg(n(xy,k)))\) :

Loss share of DG unit connected at node-\(k\), for loss reduction of branch-\(xy\)

\(Ploss\left( {xy,n\,(xy,k)} \right)\) :

Active power loss of branch-\(xy\) which is allocated to load point at node-\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

\(Sloss\left( {xy,n(xy,k)} \right)\) :

Apparent power loss of branch-\(xy\) which is allocated to load point at node\(n\left( {xy,k} \right)\)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Ambika Prasad Hota & Debani Prasad Mishra

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Post Graduate Studies, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Sivkumar Mishra

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  1. Ambika Prasad Hota
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  2. Sivkumar Mishra
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  3. Debani Prasad Mishra
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Correspondence to Sivkumar Mishra.

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Hota, A.P., Mishra, S. & Mishra, D.P. Power/energy loss allocation in deregulated power distribution system with load factor and load power factor variation. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 13, 250–266 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01227-3

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