Abstract
A study provides for the experimental characteristics of the fragmentation process of the heterogeneous droplets during a strong heating. Among such characteristics are a number, a size, namely, mean, minimum and maximum one, and a total surface area of the child-droplets emerged. We consider three schemes of heating corresponding to convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer. Experiments are carried out using the suspension and emulsion droplets as well as the droplets of two immiscible fluids. The graphite particles are utilized as the solid admixtures to water; diesel is applied as a liquid combustible additive. The effect of heat transfer, concentrations and a type of the admixtures on the fragmentation characteristics is explored. Temperature ranges (100–650 °C) and heat fluxes (4–150 kW/m2) are chosen according to applications, namely, fuel technologies, contact heat exchangers, thermal treatment of liquids, fire extinguishing, etc. The findings are important to develop the technologies based on a secondary atomization of the droplets during overheating and boiling. The results of the conductive heating experiments define the optimum substrate temperatures ensuring an enhanced micro-explosion of the droplets of different composition. The radiative heating is characterized by a strong droplet breakup leading to a greater number of the child-droplets as compared to the conductive and convective one. The conclusions contain future ways of developing the study.
Increase in evaporation surface area after puffing and micro-explosion versus conductive, convective and radiative heat fluxes
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Abbreviations
- c :
-
Specific heat, J/(kg·°C);
- D chd :
-
Child-droplets diameter, mm;
- d :
-
Droplet diameter, mm;
- d 0 :
-
Initial droplet diameter, mm;
- d max :
-
Maximum droplet diameter, mm;
- d min :
-
Minimum droplet diameter, mm;
- N chd :
-
Number of child-droplets, pcs;
- q :
-
Heat flux, kW/m2;
- q cond :
-
Conductive heat flux, kW/m2;
- q conv :
-
Convective heat flux, kW/m2;
- q rad :
-
Radiative heat flux, kW/m2;
- R d :
-
Droplet radius, mm;
- S :
-
Total surface area of evaporation after breakup, mm2;
- S 0 :
-
Initial surface area of a parent droplet, mm2;
- T a :
-
Gas flow temperature, °C;
- T d :
-
Temperature in a parent droplet, °C;
- T s :
-
Surface temperature of a parent droplet, °C;
- T sub :
-
Surface temperature of a copper substrate, °C;
- t :
-
Time, s;
- V :
-
Parent droplet volume, μl
- α:
-
Heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2·°C);
- εd :
-
Emissivity of a water droplet;
- εa :
-
Emissivity of air;
- λ:
-
Thermal conductivity, W/(m·°C);
- λd :
-
Thermal conductivity of a water droplet, W/(m·°C);
- ν:
-
Kinematic viscosity, m2/s;
- ρ:
-
Density, kg/m3;
- σ:
-
Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/(m2·°C 4);
- τexp :
-
Time of a parent droplet breakup, s
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Acknowledgments
Research was supported by National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (project VIU-ISHFVP-60/2019). The members of Heat Mass Transfer Simulation Lab (http://hmtslab.tpu.ru) of Tomsk Polytechnic University are grateful to our colleague Professor J.C. Legros for his ideas and contribution to the development of the Lab’s research areas.
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Highlights
• Surface area of a liquid increases by several dozen times due to micro-explosion
• A greater number of child-droplets emerges at the radiative heating
• The higher concentration of solids in a droplet, the more child-droplets are produced
• Liquid and solid admixtures in a droplet affect puffing and micro-explosion differently
• Distributions of child-droplets by number and size are presented
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Thirty Years of Microgravity Research - A Topical Collection Dedicated to J. C. Legros
Guest Editor: Valentina Shevtsova
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Antonov, D.V., Piskunov, M.V. & Strizhak, P.A. Characteristics of the Child-Droplets Emerged by Micro-Explosion of the Heterogeneous Droplets Exposed to Conductive, Convective and Radiative Heating. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 31, 541–555 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-9705-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-9705-2