Abstract
The unique geographical location of the land-sea transition makes the ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta very fragile and vulnerable to human activities. As one of the characteristics of anthropogenic activities, monitoring the spatiotemporal changes of impervious surface area (ISA) is of great significance to the protection of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Based on the Landsat historical images and computing resources provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE), an ISA mapping method was developed through combining spectral, texture features and random forest algorithm, and subsequently was applied to generate the spatiotemporal distribution data of ISA of the YRD for 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2016 and 2021. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved satisfactory accuracy, with an average overall accuracy of 92.23% and an average Kappa coefficient of 0.9090. Through further time-series analysis of ISA, it found that the area of ISA in the YRD increased from the initial 394.87 km2 to 1081.74 km2 during study periods, and the annual growth rate broke through new highs, ranging from the initial 1.01 km2/year to 67.87 km2/year. According to the research results, urban development activities in the region should be strictly restricted in order to protect the ecological environment of the YRD.
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Data availability
All the Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 datasets and data processing used for the current research had been based on Google Earth Engine platform https://code.earthengine.google.com/. The detailed code of algorithm can be accessed through https://code.earthengine.google.com/6aa871dc1e82f61c470c64d3e7adebc0.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Google Earth Engine for providing cloud computing resources.
Funding
This study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 42171113,42001367], Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020QD017, ZR2020QD049), and the Doctoral Research Fund of Shandong Jianzhu University (XNBS1903).
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Author Contributions statement All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Jiantao Liu] and [Yexiang Li]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Jiantao Liu] and [Yexiang Li]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Communicated by: H. Babaie
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Liu, J., Li, Y., Zhang, Y. et al. Impervious surface Mapping and its spatial–temporal evolution analysis in the Yellow River Delta over the last three decades using Google Earth Engine. Earth Sci Inform 16, 1727–1739 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01010-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01010-x