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Accuracy of 3D cephalometric measurements based on an automatic knowledge-based landmark detection algorithm

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International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional cephalometric measurements obtained through an automatic landmark detection algorithm compared to those obtained through manual identification.

Methods

The study demonstrates a comparison of 51 cephalometric measurements (28 linear, 16 angles and 7 ratios) on 30 CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) images. The analysis was performed to compare measurements based on 21 cephalometric landmarks detected automatically and those identified manually by three observers.

Results

Inter-observer ICC for each landmark was found to be excellent (\({>}0.9\)) among three observers. The unpaired t-test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the measurements based on automatically detected and manually identified landmarks. The difference between the manual and automatic observation for each measurement was reported as an error. The highest mean error in the linear and angular measurements was found to be 2.63 mm (\(\hbox {Or}_{\mathrm{L}}\hbox {-Or}_{\mathrm{R}}\) distance) and \(2.12^{\circ }\) (\(\hbox {Co}_{\mathrm{L}}\hbox {-Go}_{\mathrm{L}}\)-Me angle), respectively. The highest mean error in the group of distance ratios was 0.03 (for N-Me/N-ANS and \(\hbox {Go}_{\mathrm{R}}\hbox {-Gn/S-N}\)).

Conclusion

Cephalometric measurements computed from automatic detection of landmarks on 3D CBCT image were as accurate as those computed from manual identification.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge National Informatics Centre (NIC), Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY), New Delhi, as a funding agency in partial support of this research work. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Shilpa Kalra and Dr. Sushma Chaurasia from All India Institute of Medical Sciences—Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India, for manual plotting of cephalometric landmarks on the dataset used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India

    Abhishek Gupta & Harish Kumar Sardana

  2. CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, India

    Abhishek Gupta, Viren Sardana & Harish Kumar Sardana

  3. Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Om Prakash Kharbanda & Rajiv Balachandran

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  1. Abhishek Gupta
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Correspondence to Harish Kumar Sardana.

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Gupta, A., Kharbanda, O.P., Sardana, V. et al. Accuracy of 3D cephalometric measurements based on an automatic knowledge-based landmark detection algorithm. Int J CARS 11, 1297–1309 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-015-1334-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-015-1334-7

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