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Sampling of Mars analogue materials in a laboratory environment

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Abstract

Two laboratory test series were performed with the aim of ensuring the proper functionality of the key sampling mechanisms installed aboard the Mars rover ExoMars, currently scheduled for launch in 2020 by the European Space Agency ESA. In order to facilitate the chemical analysis of the Martian ground accessible to the ExoMars drill, the retrieved drill cores must first be milled. This task is performed by a crushing station (CS), which delivers the milled product to a dosing device (PSDDS). From there the material is distributed further to the various analysis instruments mounted on the rover. The first test series was performed with a mock-up of crushing station and dosing device under simulated Martian pressure and temperature conditions. As a worst-case scenario, crushing of frozen soil mixtures was performed and the milling products were collected in the dosing station before being further distributed. In the second test series, granular analogue materials equivalent to the milled products obtained in previous tests were stored for periods of several days in the input funnel of the dosing device. The set-up included a regulation valve through which water vapour was streamed into the vacuum chamber to create a water vapour-saturated atmosphere. The purpose of this series of tests was to investigate if the presence of water can cause cementation of the samples, and how this subsequently affects the operation of the crushing and distribution devices. Our results indicate that the milling device works very well with the current design both for loose and for hard block-like materials, e.g., chunks of frozen soil. It was also found that milled material, when subjected to a water-saturated atmosphere, does not experience any cementation.

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Notes

  1. For a detailed description and explanation of all acronyms associated with the ExoMars sampling mechanisms refer to the reference Richter et al. [12].

  2. http://www.reade.com/products/bentonite-montmorillonite-clay-powder.

  3. The inset images in Figures 12, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 19 are provided in electronic form as a high resolution images in the supplementary material linked to this paper.

  4. In some very recent tests, it seems that this problem has been overcome by slight modifications of the software as well as the hardware of the soil transport mechanism, which have already been implemented into the flight models to be delivered for integration into the ExoMars rover.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria

    Norbert I. Kömle & Patrick Tiefenbacher

  2. STAR Lab, Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK

    Craig Pitcher

  3. OHB Systems AG, 82234, Weßling-Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

    Lutz Richter, Tim Tattusch & Robert Paul

Authors
  1. Norbert I. Kömle
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  2. Patrick Tiefenbacher
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  3. Craig Pitcher
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  4. Lutz Richter
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  6. Robert Paul
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Correspondence to Norbert I. Kömle.

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Kömle, N.I., Tiefenbacher, P., Pitcher, C. et al. Sampling of Mars analogue materials in a laboratory environment. Acta Geotech. 14, 429–442 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0668-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0668-z

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