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Innovations in textile wastewater management: a review of zero liquid discharge technology

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Abstract

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technology emerges as a transformative solution for sustainable wastewater management in the textile industry, emphasizing water recycling and discharge minimization. This review comprehensively explores ZLD’s pivotal role in reshaping wastewater management practices within the textile sector. With a primary focus on water recycling and minimized discharge, the review thoroughly examines the economic and environmental dimensions of ZLD. Additionally, it includes a comparative cost analysis against conventional wastewater treatment methods and offers a comprehensive outlook on the global ZLD market. Presently valued at US $0.71 billion, the market is anticipated to reach US $1.76 billion by 2026, reflecting a robust annual growth rate of 12.6%. Despite ZLD’s efficiency in wastewater recovery, environmental challenges, such as heightened greenhouse gas emissions, increased carbon footprint, elevated energy consumption, and chemical usage, are discussed. Methodologies employed in this review involve an extensive analysis of existing literature, empirical data, and case studies on ZLD implementation in the textile industry worldwide. While acknowledging existing adoption barriers, the review underscores ZLD’s potential to guide the textile industry toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Core Engineering, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India

    Ashok Pundir, Mohindra Singh Thakur & Bhaskar Goel

  2. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India

    Radha, Suraj Prakash, Neeraj Kumari & Niharika Sharma

  3. Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    Ettiyagounder Parameswari

  4. Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

    Marisennayya Senapathy

  5. Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, 250110, India

    Sunil Kumar

  6. Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    Sangram Dhumal

  7. Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India

    Sheetal Vishal Deshmukh

  8. Centro Tecnológico de La Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900, Ourense, Spain

    Jose Manuel Lorenzo

  9. Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India

    Manoj Kumar

Authors
  1. Ashok Pundir
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  2. Mohindra Singh Thakur
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  3. Radha
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  4. Bhaskar Goel
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  5. Suraj Prakash
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  6. Neeraj Kumari
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  7. Niharika Sharma
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  8. Ettiyagounder Parameswari
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  9. Marisennayya Senapathy
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  10. Sunil Kumar
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  11. Sangram Dhumal
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  12. Sheetal Vishal Deshmukh
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  13. Jose Manuel Lorenzo
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  14. Manoj Kumar
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Literature search was performed by Radha, Ashok Pundir, Neeraj Kumari, Niharika Sharma, and Suraj Prakash. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ashok Pundir, Neeraj Kumari, Niharika Sharma, Marisennayya Senapathy, Sunil Kumar, and Suraj Prakash. Authors including Mohinder Singh Thakur, Bhasker Goel, Sangram Dhumal, Jose Manuel Lorenzo, Ettiyagounder Parameswari, Sheetal Vishal Deshmukh, and Manoj Kumar made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, analysis of data, and revised the manuscript draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manoj Kumar.

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Highlights

• ZLD tech reduces water usage and impact in textiles, enabling sustainability.

• Manufacturers report water and effluent reduction with ZLD implementation.

• Integrated approaches enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.

• Membrane filtration and biological processes recover resources from textile wastewater.

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Pundir, A., Thakur, M.S., Radha et al. Innovations in textile wastewater management: a review of zero liquid discharge technology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 12597–12616 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31827-y

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