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Perspectives of globalization and tourism as drivers of ecological footprint in top 10 destination economies

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Abstract

Beyond the anticipated experience associated with tourism destinations, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has further tasked (especially the destination countries) on the importance of tourism to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From this dimension, this study employed the ecological footprint of the 10 most visited countries (France, Spain, United States, China, Italy, Mexico, United Kingdom, Turkey, Germany, and Thailand) over the period 1995–2016. Specifically, the study employed an econometric approach and found that increase in tourism arrivals and globalization is detrimental to the attainment of sustainable environmental quality in a long term. Precisely, a 1% increase in international arrivals and globalization is responsible for a 0.18 and 0.89% increase in ecological footprint in the long-run. These impacts of tourism activities and globalization are detrimental to the environmental quality of the destination countries. Meanwhile, the real income per capita and biocapacity in the destination countries improve the environmental quality of the panel of destination countries in the long-run. In addition, the study found significant evidence of Granger causality from tourism and real income to ecological footprint without feedback, the globalization-ecological footprint Granger causality nexus is with feedback. Moreover, potentially effective policies for government and other stakeholders especially toward attaining Global goals were proffered in the study.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank anonymous reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Andrew Adewale Alola

  2. Department of Financial Technologies, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

    Andrew Adewale Alola

  3. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Bahcesehir Cyprus University, Nicosia, TRNC via mersin 10, Turkey

    Kayode Kolawole Eluwole & Taiwo Temitope Lasisi

  4. Department of Innovative and International Management, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Taiwo Temitope Lasisi

  5. South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

    Uju Violet Alola

  6. Department of Tourism Guidance, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Uju Violet Alola

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  1. Andrew Adewale Alola
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  2. Kayode Kolawole Eluwole
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  3. Taiwo Temitope Lasisi
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  4. Uju Violet Alola
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Contributions

AAA worked on the estimation and as corresponding author, TTL was responsible for writing the introduction section, KKE worked on the literature section, and UVA contributed in the conclusion section of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Taiwo Temitope Lasisi.

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Alola, A.A., Eluwole, K.K., Lasisi, T.T. et al. Perspectives of globalization and tourism as drivers of ecological footprint in top 10 destination economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 31607–31617 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12871-4

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