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Plant responses to a phytomanaged urban technosol contaminated by trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Abstract

Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage a soil contaminated by trace elements (TE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In parallel, a biotest with Phaseolus vulgaris was carried out on potted soils from 18 sub-sites to assess their phytotoxicity. Total soil TE and PAH concentrations, TE concentrations in the soil pore water, the foliar ionome of M. sativa (at the end of the first growth season) and of Populus nigra growing in situ, the root and shoot biomass and the foliar ionome of P. vulgaris were determined. Despite high total soil TE, soluble TE concentrations were generally low, mainly due to alkaline soil pH (7.8–8.6). Shoot dry weight (DW) yield and foliar ionome of P. vulgaris did not reflect the soil contamination, but its root DW yield decreased at highest soil TE and/or PAH concentrations. Foliar ionomes of M. sativa and P. nigra growing in situ were generally similar to the ones at uncontaminated sites. M. sativa contributed to bioavailable TE stripping by shoot removal (in g ha−1 harvest−1): As 0.9, Cd 0.3, Cr 0.4, Cu 16.1, Ni 2.6, Pb 4, and Zn 134. After 1 year, 72 plant species were identified in the plant community across three subsets: (I) plant community developed on bare soil sowed with M. sativa; (II) plant community developed in unharvested plots dominated by grasses; and (III) plant community developed on unsowed bare soil. The shoot DW yield (in mg ha−1 harvest−1) varied from 1.1 (subset I) to 6.9 (subset II). For subset III, the specific richness was the lowest in plots with the highest phytotoxicity for P. vulgaris.

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Abbreviations

BTEX:

Benzene toluene ethylbenzene xylene

CEC:

Cationic exchange capacity

DGT:

Diffusive gradients in thin-film

DOM:

Dissolved organic matter

DW:

Dry weight

EC:

Electrical conductivity

EXAFS:

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure

FCA:

Factorial correspondence analysis

GRO:

Gentle remediation option

ISO:

International organization for standardization

Mg:

Megagram

MPC:

Maximum permitted concentration in green forages in France

OM:

Organic matter

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PCB:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

SPW:

Soil pore water

TE:

Trace element

THC:

Total hydrocarbons

UCT:

Upper critical threshold concentration in feedstuff

USEPA:

United State Environmental Protection Agency

WHC:

Water holding capacity

XANES:

X-ray Absorption near edge structure

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the city of Bordeaux (D 2013–111). Authors greatly thank W. Galland (Master student) from the UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202 (Bordeaux, France), for his precious help, both on the field and in the laboratory. This study was carried out in the framework of the Cluster of Excellence COTE.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d’Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France

    Lilian Marchand, Nadège Oustrière & Michel Mench

  2. University of Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France

    Lilian Marchand, Nadège Oustrière & Michel Mench

  3. Mairie de BORDEAUX, Service Aménagements Paysagers, Direction des Parcs, des Jardins et des Rives, 77 Boulevard Alfred Daney, 33000, Bordeaux, France

    Lilian Marchand, Eric Pesme, Damien Butin & Gaetan Wicart

  4. Departamento Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

    Celestino-Quintela Sabaris

  5. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal–Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke, Est Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada

    Dominic Desjardins

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  2. Celestino-Quintela Sabaris
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  3. Dominic Desjardins
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  4. Nadège Oustrière
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  5. Eric Pesme
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  7. Gaetan Wicart
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  8. Michel Mench
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lilian Marchand.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Medicago sativa well developed on an alkaline soil highly contaminated by trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a former harbor dock and displayed low trace element concentrations in its shoots. Phaseolus vulgaris was a relevant bioindicator of soil phytotoxicity.

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Marchand, L., Sabaris, CQ., Desjardins, D. et al. Plant responses to a phytomanaged urban technosol contaminated by trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 3120–3135 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4984-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4984-7

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