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Experimental Study of Variation Sediments and Effective Hydraulic Parameters on Scour Downstream of Stepped Spillway

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Abstract

Stepped spillways are considered one of the most significant energy-dissipating structures; however, the most complicated problem that threatens the overall stability of the spillway is local scour downstream of the stepped weirs due to hydraulic jumps in the skimming flow. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted under five discharges, three tail-water depths and two sediment sizes to investigate the scour downstream of a stepped spillway to reduce scour and increase the stability of hydraulic structure. Moreover, the optimal design of parameters, including type, crest and slope of chute, step height and type of stepped spillway flow, was determined considering the economic reasons and criteria that lead to more energy dissipation. Generally, the scour dimensions decreased as the sediment size and tail-water depth increased or the particle Froude number (Frd) and critical depth reduced. With the reduction in Frd, the relative scour depth, the relative distance of maximum scour depth and the relative scour length decreased by 68.6%, 75.6% and 73.4%, respectively. Empirical equations of regression analysis were developed to estimate scour depth compared to other studies. The final equations in this study can provide good estimates of the scouring parameters downstream of the stepped weir.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

q:

Discharge intensity

b:

Flume width

g:

Gravitational acceleration

ρ ω :

Density of water

ρ s :

Density of bed material

h s :

Height of steps

l s :

Length of steps

l sb :

Stilling basin length

D 50 :

Average of sediment size

t :

Time

y tw :

Tail-water depth

yc :

Critical depth

H dam :

Height of spillway

µ :

Dynamic viscosity of water

S:

Bed slope of the flume

σ g :

Geometric standard deviation of sediments

c u :

Uniformity coefficient of sediments

φ :

Angle of repose

N:

Steps number

D s :

Maximum scour depth

L s :

Position of maximum depth from stilling basin

L h :

Maximum length of scour hole

Re:

Reynolds number

T.W:

Tail-water depth

Fr d :

Particle Froude number

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted at the hydraulic lab of Agricultural and Natural Resources research and education center of Mashhad (ANRM), Mashhad, Iran. The authors would like to thank ANRM for providing the necessary equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

    Arman Dah-Mardeh & Gholamreza Azizyan

  2. Faculty of Water and Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mahmood Shafai Bejestan

  3. Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Abbas Parsaie

  4. Researcher at Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Research and Education Center, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed Hossein Rajaei

Authors
  1. Arman Dah-Mardeh
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  2. Gholamreza Azizyan
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  3. Mahmood Shafai Bejestan
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  4. Abbas Parsaie
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  5. Seyed Hossein Rajaei
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Contributions

Arman Dah-Mardeh, Gholamreza Azizyan, Mahmood Shafai Bejestan, Abbas Parsaie and Seyed Hossein Rajaei Conceived and designed the experimental method and analysis, collected the data, contributed data or analysis tools, performed the analysis and wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Arman Dah-Mardeh or Gholamreza Azizyan.

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Submission of this article implies that the work described has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Dah-Mardeh, A., Azizyan, G., Bejestan, M.S. et al. Experimental Study of Variation Sediments and Effective Hydraulic Parameters on Scour Downstream of Stepped Spillway. Water Resour Manage 37, 4969–4984 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03587-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03587-w

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